Impact of Imported Fire Ants on Mississippi Soils Table 15. Percent clay and organic matter (OM), pH, extractable P, exchangeable K and Ca, and percent moisture in formicarious (FP) and undisturbed (UP) pedons on Sumter loam (Site K). 1 Depth (in) % Clay % OM pH P (mg/kg) K (cmol/kg) Ca (cmol/kg) % Moisture FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP 10-9.5 19.2 -- 3.68 -- 7.85 -- 8 -- 0.18 -- 16.57 -- 11.60 -- 9.5-7 18.5 -- 3.91 -- 7.85 -- 8 -- 0.17 -- 17.75 -- 23.01 -- 7-4 24.0 -- 3.79 -- 7.82 -- 9 -- 0.17 -- 17.11 -- 23.63 -- 4-0 18.5 -- 5.68 -- 7.84 -- 9 -- 0.17 -- 16.92 -- 20.35 -- 0-3 20.8 15.5 4.42 4.84 7.83 8.06 8 7 0.18 0.15 16.84 13.90 13.54 21.39 3-17 30.3 31.0 0.56 0.64 8.19 8.36 6 6 0.08 0.08 8.72 30.20 12.00 14.07 1Measurements were taken on May 31, 1996, 2 days after 0.2 inch (0.5 cm) of rain and 3 days after 0.4 inch (1 cm) of rain. Table 16. Percent clay and organic matter (OM), pH, extractable P, and exchangeable K and Ca in formicarious (FP) and undisturbed (UP) pedons an Alligator clay (Site F). Depth (in) % Clay % OM pH P (mg/kg) K (cmol/kg) Ca (cmol/kg) FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP 15-14.5 44.8 -- 4.69 -- 4.88 -- 50 -- 0.95 -- 10.55 -- 14.5-13 47.0 -- 4.57 -- 4.86 -- 52 -- 0.94 -- 10.40 -- 13-8 43.5 -- 5.33 -- 4.66 -- 57 -- 1.07 -- 10.50 -- 8-0 44.1 -- 5.12 -- 5.04 -- 85 -- 1.35 -- 9.69 -- 0-2 44.2 44.6 4.32 5.55 4.94 5.15 72 24 1.28 0.72 9.83 9.93 2-4 49.6 46.6 3.07 2.93 4.69 4.90 37 17 0.80 0.63 9.29 9.06 4-10 51.4 64.7 2.37 1.58 4.72 5.19 40 15 0.74 0.55 9.86 11.12 10-20 56.2 77.5 2.33 0.94 4.70 4.78 39 9 0.75 0.63 10.31 13.48 20-30 67.1 74.7 1.70 0.88 4.65 4.56 30 17 0.67 0.66 10.52 12.91 30-40 -- 50.2 -- 0.40 -- 4.95 -- 6 -- 0.51 -- 9.42 Table 17. Percent clay and organic matter (OM), pH, extractable P, exchangeable K and Ca, and percent moisture in formicarious (FP) and undisturbed (UP) pedons on Sharkey clay (Site C). 1 Depth (in) % Clay % OM pH P (mg/kg) K (cmol/kg) Ca (cmol/kg) % Moisture FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP 5-4.5 67.1 -- 3.12 -- 5.99 -- 69 -- 0.96 -- 19.48 -- 11.56 -- 4.5-2 69.7 -- 2.90 -- 5.99 -- 57 -- 1.11 -- 24.48 -- 21.01 -- 2-0 72.6 -- 3.35 -- 5.98 -- 68 -- 1.28 -- 24.00 -- 33.69 -- 0-2 74.7 70.7 3.52 3.45 5.93 5.93 69 43 1.25 1.02 25.15 25.50 34.38 34.79 2-4 71.9 72.2 3.23 2.69 5.86 5.95 44 33 0.98 0.98 26.02 26.47 38.79 41.11 4-6 73.1 75.5 2.31 2.30 5.83 5.88 30 33 0.90 0.88 24.77 26.40 49.63 47.40 6-15 76.5 80.6 1.84 1.45 5.76 5.73 26 19 0.83 0.75 26.15 26.37 41.54 51.35 15-22 73.2 74.6 1.37 0.96 5.80 5.91 21 19 0.72 0.69 25.52 26.62 51.61 42.82 22-28 73.7 75.7 0.98 0.95 6.27 6.1 17 14 0.67 0.69 24.46 26.55 49.94 42.19 28-32 66.3 71.4 0.85 0.92 6.29 6.36 18 17 0.62 0.63 22.62 24.16 46.45 41.09 32-36 63.4 68.7 0.65 0.82 6.69 6.53 19 20 0.56 0.61 20.97 23.78 36.49 38.51 36-40 68.2 65.6 0.66 0.60 6.85 7.03 28 16 0.61 0.60 23.60 23.96 39.74 32.65 1Measurements were taken on July 1, 1996, 5 days after 0.2 inch (0.5 cm) of rain. Table 18. Percent clay and organic matter (OM), pH, extractable P, exchangeable K and Ca, and percent moisture in formicarious (FP) and undisturbed (UP) pedons on Atwood silt loam (Site G). 1 Depth (in) % Clay % OM pH P (mg/kg) K (cmol/kg) Ca (cmol/kg) % Moisture FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP 12-11.5 18.5 -- 7.23 -- 5.52 -- 62 -- 0.84 -- 4.29 -- 2.75 -- 11.5-9 18.2 -- 4.09 -- 4.82 -- 65 -- 0.86 -- 3.85 -- 14.09 -- 9-6 18.0 -- 4.42 -- 4.70 -- 68 -- 1.01 -- 3.98 -- 16.24 -- 6-3 18.2 -- 3.69 -- 4.53 -- 70 -- 1.12 -- 3.28 -- 16.21 -- 3-0 17.9 -- 2.98 -- 4.57 -- 87 -- 1.27 -- 3.10 -- 14.61 -- 0-2 20.5 20.1 2.33 4.41 4.57 5.43 97 32 1.25 0.66 2.94 4.49 14.90 20.78 2-11 20.5 20.7 0.87 1.05 5.33 5.63 11 5 0.56 0.34 3.41 3.66 16.12 14.58 11-16 20.5 20.5 0.87 0.99 5.33 5.54 11 5 0.56 0.21 3.41 3.41 16.12 14.28 16-24 27.3 26.0 0.70 0.71 5.53 5.76 5 4 0.37 0.2 4.63 4.62 19.52 19.33 24-36 32.3 33.2 0.27 0.21 5.20 5.36 4 3 0.26 0.15 4.14 3.97 19.64 20.73 36-47 33.3 35.7 0.24 0.22 5.20 5.42 5 4 0.19 0.15 3.52 3.31 19.60 20.36 47-60 32.7 39.4 0.19 0.19 5.40 5.54 5 5 0.18 0.16 3.67 3.48 20.92 21.82 1Measurements were taken May 31, 1996, 2 days after 0.3 inch (0.7 cm) of rain and 3 days after 0.45 inch (1.1 cm) of rain. Table 19. Mean percent total nitrogen in ant mound crusts, mound interiors, and control topsoils on three soil types. 1 Malbis2 Grenada2 Sharkey2 Crust 0.09a 0.17a 0.22a Mound 0.06a 0.21a 0.18a Control 0.07a 0.13a 0.17a 1Malbis sandy loam is found at Site B, Grenada silt loam at Site A, and Sharkey clay at Site C. Means are based on three replicates. 2Means in same column and soil with same letter are not significantly different (a=0.05). Table 20. Percent clay and organic matter (OM), pH, extractable P, exchangeable K and Ca, and percent moisture in formicarious (FP) and undisturbed (UP) pedons on Loring silt loam (Site L). 1 Depth (in) % Clay % OM pH P (mg/kg) K (cmol/kg) Ca (cmol/kg) % Moisture FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP 8-7.5 12.3 -- 2.17 -- 5.73 -- 83 -- 1.06 -- 3.67 -- 27.29 -- 7.5-4 16.4 -- 1.70 -- 5.73 -- 84 -- 0.75 -- 3.95 -- 26.63 -- 4-0 15.7 -- 2.18 -- 5.64 -- 132 -- 0.86 -- 4.33 -- 25.24 -- 0-4 12.8 5.4 2.58 3.35 5.65 5.98 105 134 0.63 0.59 4.09 4.82 24.41 31.09 4-12 10.5 10.4 2.10 1.45 5.89 6.17 81 64 0.44 0.53 4.29 3.98 26.75 31.95 12-16 23.1 20.5 0.68 0.74 5.82 6.28 50 61 0.49 0.61 4.29 4.38 24.43 26.25 16-27 24.1 26.4 0.34 0.35 5.20 5.34 67 99 0.44 0.62 4.28 4.82 26.69 28.09 27-32 21.4 21.1 0.23 0.26 4.88 5.10 51 67 0.40 0.46 2.97 3.66 28.51 29.45 32-35 23.3 23.2 0.19 0.23 5.03 4.84 25 36 0.38 0.38 2.72 3.16 27.54 28.78 35-40 28.1 24.8 0.16 0.15 4.84 4.84 19 20 0.40 0.31 3.15 2.55 26.32 27.22 1Measured on June 26, 1996, 1 day after 0.8 inch (2.1 cm) of rain. Table 21. Percent clay and organic matter (OM), pH, extractable P, and exchangeable K and Ca in formicarious (FP) and undisturbed (UP) pedons on Loring silt loam (Mound B, collapsing, Site L). Depth (in) % Clay % OM pH P (mg/kg) K (cmol/kg) Ca (cmol/kg) FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP 5-0 15.0 -- 2.23 -- 4.93 -- 188 -- 0.76 -- 3.08 -- 0-2 14.3 6.9 2.32 3.02 4.62 5.74 280 119 0.59 0.66 2.26 3.66 2-8 12.5 7.6 1.83 1.29 4.49 5.43 252 16 0.48 0.32 1.58 2.16 8-13 15.3 18.9 1.32 0.53 4.97 5.15 172 14 0.48 0.31 2.03 3.13 13-26 23.1 27.9 0.52 0.31 4.95 4.92 91 45 0.58 0.28 2.85 2.87 26-32 21.1 22.9 0.22 0.19 4.91 4.98 42 41 0.44 0.23 2.62 1.69 32-40 23.7 20.6 0.17 0.11 4.83 4.90 23 19 0.41 0.23 2.68 1.70 Table 22. Moisture content in formicarious (FP) and undisturbed (UP) pedons at 0-55 inches depth during dry conditions and after rainfall on a Falkner soil (Site H). 1 Depth Dry conditions After 0.45 inches rain FP UP FP UP in % % % % 0 8.60 29.52 25.90 34.10 2 18.76 22.86 27.11 26.79 4 22.46 22.05 27.49 19.82 6 25.53 19.38 30.44 19.37 8 24.67 19.36 32.29 18.89 10 24.94 20.86 19.80 18.83 12 17.56 24.23 17.01 19.06 16 18.66 25.23 20.40 21.07 20 20.31 25.28 22.37 22.15 24 25.57 25.72 23.35 22.34 28 25.95 25.74 23.26 22.65 31 25.79 26.22 24.36 23.89 35 26.32 29.99 24.09 24.36 39 26.67 29.67 24.95 22.92 47 26.69 28.19 26.83 23.74 55 25.12 25.98 25.09 21.16 1Dry conditions were measured 4 days after 0.45 inch (1.1 cm) of rain (July 18, 1997). Wet conditions were measured less than 1 day after 0.4 inch (1 cm) of rainfall (August 13, 1997). Table 23. Moisture content in formicarious (FP) and undisturbed (UP) pedons at 0-55 inches depth on a Vaiden soil (Site E) under various moisure conditions.1, 2 Depth July 15 July 18 July 23 August 14 FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP in % % % % % % % % 0 5.13 31.87 6.44 24.25 34.30 51.69 32.31 30.00 2 7.11 27.87 9.34 28.51 17.39 22.12 36.40 24.66 4 10.20 24.60 11.88 21.20 15.50 17.04 36.34 27.01 6 12.96 21.99 13.88 24.17 16.62 19.82 29.53 25.77 8 15.30 24.45 13.88 27.56 18.49 22.23 30.87 28.56 10 16.36 22.72 16.20 29.37 19.76 24.57 28.57 29.36 12 18.87 23.67 16.07 30.63 22.08 27.41 28.84 30.82 16 18.81 27.95 24.35 32.77 23.97 30.58 21.77 36.60 20 21.39 28.50 22.06 32.02 19.35 31.74 18.16 -- 24 26.51 27.63 23.10 32.54 21.76 32.79 21.70 34.14 28 26.35 28.13 29.89 31.61 23.78 33.90 23.93 33.22 31 23.63 29.50 30.58 30.56 25.60 33.43 27.77 32.32 35 30.83 28.83 33.39 30.63 25.93 33.84 34.23 32.09 39 31.43 30.85 36.01 30.03 27.37 34.92 37.16 32.49 47 31.73 32.64 39.30 29.96 27.88 29.35 35.77 31.44 55 34.91 29.72 31.82 28.95 28.30 -- 32.28 29.57 1Moisture was measured after 1 week without rain (July 15, 1998), after 10 days without rain (July 18, 1998), after 0.7 inches (2 cm) of rain (July 23, 1998), and after 1 week of frequent rainfall totaling 1.6 inches (4 cm; August 14, 1998). 2Missing data = --. Table 24. Moisture content in mound and adjacent soil at 0-6 inches depth on Grenada silt loam (Site A) and Falkner silt loam (Site H) after rainfall.1 Depth Grenada 1 day after 0.6 inches Falkner 1 day after 0.4 inches Falkner Immed. after rainfall Mound Control Mound Control Mound Control in % % % % % % 0-0.4 25.59 34.40 32.85 47.23 51.47 69.39 0.4-2 31.98 24.20 35.52 29.60 40.99 8.26 2-4 44.22 20.93 31.42 22.62 35.78 30.80 4-6 40.28 14.73 27.10 14.89 36.35 25.91 1Moisture content at Site A was measured on August 12, 1997, after 0.6 inches (1.5 cm) of rainfall. Moisture content at Site H was measured on August 13, 1997, less than 1 day after 0.4 inch (1 cm) or rainfall, and later that same day immediately after a rainfall event. Table 25. Bromide concentrations in formicarious (FP) and undisturbed (UP) pedons at 0-55 inches depth at sites with intact mounds and sites from which mounds had been previously removed. 1 Depth Vaiden (intact) Falkner (intact) Grenada (removed) Sharkey (removed) FP UP FP UP FP UP FP UP in mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg 0 60.0 150.0 2100.0 1080.0 340.0 440.0 124.0 2.3 2 32.0 78.0 4200.0 1100.0 420.0 760.0 500.0 0.9 4 62.0 110.0 3900.0 1000.0 900.0 960.0 1360.0 7.0 6 420.0 110.0 4400.0 340.0 1620.0 1000.0 1600.0 23.0 8 370.0 120.0 4800.0 39.0 2000.0 580.0 1800.0 160.0 10 800.0 70.0 2100.0 1.9 1800.0 330.0 1800.0 140.0 12 560.0 42.0 740.0 3.1 1000.0 8.6 1440.0 112.0 16 90.0 18.0 440.0 2.0 880.0 8.4 1100.0 162.0 20 94.0 2.1 350.0 0.9 500.0 6.0 1640.0 42.0 24 1100.0 5.2 190.0 0.5 64.0 5.2 800.0 4.4 28 1400.0 1.0 42.0 0.9 3.5 5.2 780.0 4.4 31 120.0 0.8 7.0 1.4 3.1 4.6 117.0 6.2 35 13.4 0.9 11.0 0.5 5.0 5.6 2.5 8.0 39 4.2 1.0 0.9 0.5 3.7 2.1 9.6 2.9 47 2.3 0.9 0.8 0.2 4.2 6.0 8.0 2.7 55 8.4 2.2 0.5 0.1 2.7 11.2 7.4 2.0 1These measurements were taken on Vaiden (Site E) and Falkner (Site H) soils, on which the mounds were intact, and Grenada (Site A) and Sharkey (Site C) soils, from which the mounds had been previously removed. Table 26. Mean temperature (± standard deviation) in three mounds and adjacent Kipling (Site M) soil profiles in February 1997. Date Time Mound Control Air 2 inches 12 inches 2 inches 12 inches oF oF oF oF oF 2-12 6 a.m. 32.8 (±0.5) 43.3 (±0.4) 42 (±2) 46.9 (±0.7) 34 (±1) 2-12 12 p.m. 40.4 (±0.5) 40.9 (±0.2) 43.3 (±0.5) 45.8 (±0.9) 42.0 (±0.9) 2-12 6 p.m. 39.4 (±0.3) 41.4 (±0.2) 42.9 (±0.6) 45 (±1) 40.4 (±0.4) 2-13 6 a.m. 40.5 (±0.4) 42.7 (±0.5) 43.0 (±0.7) 46.3 (±0.3) 41.7 (±0.8) 2-13 12 p.m. 44.1 (±0.1) 42.7 (±0.3) 44.4 (±0.3) 45.9 (±0.7) 46.7 (±0.9) 2-13 6 p.m. 44.4 (±0.3) 43.2 (±0.2) 44.7 (±0.2) 45.9 (±0.5) 45.8 (±0.9) 2-14 6 a.m. 43.8 (±0.2) 44.8 (±0.2) 45.1 (±0.9) 46.4 (±0.4) 43.5 (±0.7) 2-14 12 p.m. 44.1 (±0.6) 45.3 (±0.3) 45.6 (±0.1) 46.6 (±0.7) 42.5 (±0.9) 2-14 6 p.m. 41.7 (±0.4) 45.2 (±0.2) 45.9 (±0.4) 47.1 (±0.3) 41.3 (±0.4) 2-15 6 a.m. 33.2 (±0.5) 43.4 (±0.2) 42 (±2) 46.9 (±0.5) 29.5 (±0.8) 2-15 12 p.m. 55 (±8) 40.9 (±0.7) 49 (±4) 45.7 (±0.8) 53 (±2) 2-15 6 p.m. 50 (±3) 47 (±1) 48.1 (±0.9) 46.8 (±0.2) 43 (±1) Table 27. Mean temperature (± standard deviation) in three mounds and adjacent Kipling (Site M) soil profiles in April 1997. Date Time Mound Control Air 2 inches 12 inches 2 inches 12 inches oF oF oF oF oF 4-19 6 a.m. 53 (±2) 58 (±2) 55 (±1) 56.7 (±0.7) 53.3 (±0.9) 4-19 12 p.m. 72 (±9) 55.8 (±0.6) 59 (±1) 56.1 (±0.6) 73.7 (±0.9) 4-19 6 p.m. 81 (±6) 64 (±1) 64 (±2) 57.8 (±0.6) 74 (±2) 4-20 6 a.m. 57 (±1) 62 (±2) 57.5 (±0.7) 58.1 (±0.6) 56.0 (±0.9) 4-20 12 p.m. 81 (±13) 60.1 (±0.9) 62 (±1) 57.0 (±0.7) 75.2 (±0.7) 4-20 6 p.m. 89 (±9) 68 (±3) 66 (±1) 58.9 (±0.2) 77.6 (±0.9) 4-21 6 a.m. 61 (±1) 64 (±2) 60.1 (±0.4) 59.1 (±0.3) 62 (±1) 4-21 12 p.m. 80 (±6) 64.3 (±0.9) 64 (±3) 60.4 (±0.7) 78 (±1) 4-21 6 p.m. 84 69 (±2) 68 (±1) 60.9 (±0.4) 79.3 (±0.9) 4-22 6 a.m. 57.9 (±0.7) 65 (±2) 60 (±0.7) 60.4 (±0.4) 56.9 (±0.9) 4-22 12 p.m. 66 (±2) 63 (±2) 61.9 (±0.4) 60.2 (±0.4) 66 (±1) 4-22 6 p.m. 60 (±2) 63 (±1) 61.1 (±0.3) 60.0 (±0.2) 58 (±1) Table 28. Mean temperature (± standard deviation) in three mounds and adjacent Kipling (Site M) soil profiles in August 1997. Date Time Mound Control Air 2 inches 12 inches 2 inches 12 inches oF oF oF oF oF 8-15 6 a.m. 73 (±2) 77.1 (±0.6) 74.7 (±0.5) 75.1 (±0.7) 76 (±3) 8-15 12 p.m. 89 (±2) 76.7 (±0.7) 79 (±2) 74.8 (±0.7) 90 (±2) 8-15 6 p.m. 89.1 (±0.8) 85 (±1) 80.7 (±0.7) 76 (±1) 88 (±1) 8-16 6 a.m. 75 (±1) 79 (±0.5) 75.4 (±0.8) 76 (±1) 77 (±1) 8-16 12 p.m. 93 (±3) 77.7 (±0.5) 78.6 (±2) 74.5 (±0.4) 92 (±2) 8-16 6 p.m. 96 (±5) 88 (±1) 81.7 (±0.7) 76 (±1) 94 (±3) 8-17 6 a.m. 78 (±1) 80.7 (±0.5) 76.9 (±0.6) 76.3 (±0.9) 80 (±2) 8-17 12 p.m. 98 (±5) 79.8 (±0.9) 81 (±1) 75 (±1) 93 (±3) 8-17 6 p.m. 95 (±4) 87 (±1) 80.4 (±0.5) 76 (±1) 88 (±1) 8-18 6 a.m. 76 (±1) 79.7 (±0.5) 76.1 (±0.2) 76.6 (±0.5) 76 (±1) 8-18 12 p.m. 94 (±4) 78.7 (±0.6) 80 (±1) 75.9 (±0.5) 92 (±2) 8-18 6 p.m. 80 (±3) 84 (±1) 77.1 (±0.9) 76.5 (±0.9) 76 (±1) Table 29. Temperature distribution in undisturbed soil 3.3 feet from the center of a single mound on a Kipling (Site M) soil and in surrounding air. Time Depth 5-5-97 5-6-97 5-7-97 5-8-97 0F 0F 0F 0F 6 a.m. Air 44 53 55 63 6 a.m. 2 in. 58 61 61 63 6 a.m. 6 in. 61 62 63 64 6 a.m. 12 in. 63 63 64 65 12 p.m. Air 73 77 72 79 12 p.m. 2 in. 69 72 66 70 12 p.m. 6 in. 63 64 64 67 12 p.m. 12 in. 61 63 63 64 6 p.m. Air 70 75 80 76 6 p.m. 2 in. 69 71 71 71 6 p.m. 6 in. 68 69 68 69 6 p.m. 12 in. 65 65 66 66 For more information about Technical Bulletin 223 -- Impact of Imported Fire Ants on Mississippi Soils contact: Dr. David E. Pettry Phone: (662) 325-2770 Email: David E. Pettry To contact the Experiment Station: MAFES Director's Office Box 9740 Mississippi State, MS 39762 Phone: (662) 325-3005 Fax: (662) 325-3001 E-mail: MAFES Visit: Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station The Division of Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University Extension Service Mississippi State University Visit: DAFVM || USDA Search our Site || Need more information about this subject? Last Modified: Wednesday, 11-Feb-09 14:05:18 URL: http://msucares.com/pubs/techbulletins/tb223tables15-28.htm Mississippi State University is an equal opportunity institution. Recommendations on this web site do not endorse any commercial products or trade names.