Altman,
D. W., P. A. Fryxell, and R. D. Harvey. 1993. Sydney
Cross Harland and Joseph B. Hutchinson: Pioneer botanists
and geneticists defining relationships in the cotton
genus. Huntia 9: [in press]. Biographical
accounts of two noted British cotton scientists whose
careers were intertwined, together with a documenting of
their papers held in the archives of the John Innes
Institute, Norwich, England.
Altman,
D. W., P. A. Fryxell, and C. R. Howell. 1987. Development
of a tissue culture method for collecting wild germplasm
of Gossypium. FAO/IBPGR Plant Genet. Resources Newsl. 71:
14-15. A method was developed, using tissue culture
techniques under tropical field conditions, for
collecting vegetative specimens for propagation -- i.e.
using only readily available reagents like laundry bleach
and rubbing alcohol, and requiring no refrigeration or
special equipment.
Altman,
D. W., P. A. Fryxell, S. D. Koch, and C. R. Howell. 1990.
Gossypium germplasm conservation augmented by
tissue culture techniques for field collecting. Econ.
Bot. 44: 106-113. A reliable method is presented for
preserving vegetative samples under field conditions for
subsequent propagation. This method is especially
valuable when seeds are not available.
Altman,
D. W., D. M. Stelly, and R. J. Kohel. 1987. Introgression
of the glanded-plant and glandless-seed trait from
Gossypium sturtianum Willis into cultivated upland
cotton using ovule culture. Crop Sci. 27: 880-884. The
application of embryo rescue techniques are described to
increase the success of introgression. Introgression into
the BC4 was successful when conventional hybridizations
failed at BC1.
Ano,
G., J. Schwendiman, and A. E. Percival. 1983. Rapport de
mission en Equateur sur la preservation des ressources
genetiques du cotonnier. F.A.O.-I.B.P.G.R., AGR-PR 3/11,
Sept.-Oct. et December 1983. 42 pp. A collecting mission
to obtain seeds of the Gossypium spp., G.
barbadense, G. darwinii, and G.
klotzschianum.
Anthony,
W. S., W. R. Meredith, Jr., and J. R. Williford. 1988.
Neps in ginned lint: The effect of varieties, harvesting,
and ginning practices. Textile Res. J. 58: 633-640. The
effects of varieties, harvesting practices, and ginning
techniques on the nep content of ginned lint were
evaluated in a 2-year study in the Mississippi Delta.
Neps increased more with lint cleaning than with
harvesting practices or varieties. Two stages of lint
cleaning increased the neps in ginned lint from 15.9 to
36.2 neps/645 cm2 of web. The nep content was
not significantly related to the number of seedcoat
fragments, foreign matter, or grade.
Anthony,
W. S., W. R. Meredith, Jr., J. R. Williford, and G. J.
Mangialardi. 1988. Seed-coat fragments in ginned lint:
The effects of varieties, harvesting, and ginning
practices. Textile Research J. 58: 111-116. Weather,
varietal, harvesting, and ginning effects on seed-coat
fragment count and weight in ginned lint cotton were
evaluated in a 2-year study in the Mississippi Delta.
Harvest and lint cleaner treatments had little effect on
fragment count, while year and variety had strong
influences.
Banks,
J. C., L. M. Verhalen, G. W. Cuperus, and M. A. Karner
(ed.). 1992. Cotton production and pest management in
Oklahoma. Oklahoma Coop. Ext. Serv. Circ. E-883. This
manual contains 16 chapters on various aspects of cotton
production in Oklahoma. Its usefulness should also extend
onto the Rolling Plains of Texas. Several chapters
contain information related to cotton genetics and
breeding.
Bayles,
Melanie B. 1991. Two breeding studies: I. Trends in
cotton cultivars released over time by the Oklahoma
Agricultural Experiment Station; and II. Reconstitution
of the recurrent parent in cotton when backcrossing.
Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State University. In the
first study, 12 cotton cultivars, released by the
Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn. between 1918 and 1982
inclusive, were evaluated to determine selection progress
over time in that cotton breeding program. Lint yield
increased 2.3 kg/ha each year under dryland conditions
and 3.3 kg under irrigation. A yield plateau for cotton
has not yet been reached in the state. Trends were also
evident for fiber length, strength, lint percentage, boll
size, weight of lint/boll, lint index, seed weight, lock
tenacity, and resistance to fusarium wilt/nematodes and
bacterial blight. No trends were noted for uniformity
index, micronaire, bur size, and resistance to
verticillium wilt. In the second study, after four
generations of backcrossing, significant differences were
detected between the BC4F4 and the
recurrent parent in only 18 of 90 comparisons, and 12 of
those were concentrated in 2 of the 6 families
investigated. Results indicated that the backcross method
can be a highly successful tool in cotton
breeding.
Beasley,
J. P. and J. E. Jones. 1985. The current status in the
development of resistance to the reniform nematode in
cotton in Louisiana. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res.
Conf., pp. 23-25. Different techniques to determine
resistance to reniform nematode were used to evaluate
Gossypium strains previously identified as
resistant and to evaluate various race stocks and
breeding lines. Visual examination and subjective rating
were not as effective in determining resistance as
evaluating nematode egg production. La. 434-1031, Texas
race stock 19 (TR19), and the day-neutral converted Texas
race stocks 19, 22, and 44 were identified as producing
significantly fewer reniform nematode eggs than the
'Deltapine 41' check.
Beasley,
J. P., J. E. Jones, and S. J. Stringer. 1984. Evaluation
of cotton genotypes for attractiveness to the boll weevil
for use in a trap crop situation. Proc. Beltwide Cotton
Prod. Res. Conf., pp. 368-369. Field tests were conducted
in 1982 and 1983 to identify cotton genotypes that were
more attractive to the boll weevil than common commercial
varieties. More attractive genotypes could be used in a
trap cropping system. Based on a combination of weevil
damaged squares and fruiting rate, La. E76C-3, La. 1363
Lsne, TX CAMD 21-S-81, and CAMD E were significantly more
attractive to boll weevils than the check variety,
Stoneville 213.
Bergey,
D. R., D. M. Stelly, H. J. Price, and T. D. McKnight.
1989. In situ hybridization of biotinylated DNA
probes to cotton meiotic chromosomes. Stain Tech. V. 64,
pp. 25-27. A modified procedure for in situ
hybridization of biotinylated probes to meiotic
chromosomes of cotton was developed with high retention
of squashed cells on slides, preservation of acid-fixed
chromosome morphology, exceptionally low levels of
background precipitate at nonspecific hybridization sites
and improved photomicrographic recording. Salient
features of the techniques include pretreatment of slides
before squashing, cold storage of squash preparations,
and use of interference filters for distinguishing
precipitate from chromatin. A cloned 18S/28S ribosomal
DNA fragment from soybean was biotinylated via
nick-translation and hybridization to microsporocyte
meiotic chromosomes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum
L. and G. hirsutum L. x G. barbadense L.).
Enzymatically formed precipitate from streptavidin-bound
peroxidase marked the in situ hybridization. Three
pairs of ISH sites were detected.
Bhat,
M. G., R. J. Kohel, and D. W. Altman. 1990. A study on
host plant resistance to bollworms (Heliothis
spp.) in cotton using tissue isogenic lines. J. Cotton
Res. Dev. 3: 140-146. Isolines of AET-5 with nectariless,
glabrous and okra leaf traits were evaluated for
Heliothis damage in unsprayed plots. The
combination of all three traits gave the highest degree
of protection and the normal parent the least. Green boll
damage showed the greatest differential
response.
Bowman,
D. T. and C. C. Green. 1991. Screening cotton germplasm
for Columbia lance and reniform nematode resistance.
Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Conf., pp. 551-552. One
hundred seventeen genotypes were screened in the
greenhouse for tolerance to Columbia lance nematodes. Of
29 genotypes determined to have tolerance in the
greenhouse, 11 were field tested and 6 showed field
tolerance to this nematode. Seven genotypes were grown in
reniform-infested soil and differential results were
obtained depending on initial infestation
levels.
Bowman,
D. T. and J. E. Jones. 1982. Inheritance studies of bract
size in cotton. Crop Sci. 22: 1041-1045. Bracts in upland
cotton have been implicated in byssinosis in textile mill
workers. Inheritance studies of bract size were conducted
prior to initiating a breeding program for reduced bract
size. In the first study, heritability was calculated
from regression of F3 plot means on
F2 plant values. Highly significant regression
and correlation coefficients of 0.69 and 0.75,
respectively, were computed for heritability estimates. A
second study included 7 parents, their 21 F1,
and 21 F2 progeny. Narrow- sense heritability
estimates indicated that bract size was primarily
additive although dominance gene effects contributed
significantly.
Bowman,
D. T. and J. E. Jones. 1983. Associations between bracts
and several agronomic traits in cotton. Crop Sci. 23:
565-568. A low ratio of bract surface area/lint weight
per boll would denote a low bract trash potential and may
denote a low byssinosis potential. The ratio of bract
surface area/lint weight per boll appeared to be
positively associated (genotypically) with 50 percent
span length, and negatively associated with fiber
micronaire and lint percent. These associations would
suggest that parents with high lint percent and parents
with small bracts should be selected. The potential
problem with fiber length and micronaire should be
considered in breeding cottons for low bract trash
potential.
Bowman,
D. T. and J. E. Jones. 1984. A diallel study of bract
surface area/lint weight per boll ratio in cotton. Crop
Sci. 24: 1137-1141. Additive effects were found to be
more important than dominance and epistasis effects in
the seven-parent diallel study. Narrow-sense heritability
estimates ranged from 0.20 to 0.92 and averaged 0.47,
indicating about one-half of the genetic variance was
additive in nature. Partial dominance was expressed at
most loci exhibiting dominance, and these dominant
alleles mostly affected smaller ratios. The high
significance of genotype-year interactions and
variability of heritability estimates suggest a need to
test selected lines over years.
Bridge,
R. R. and W. R. Meredith, Jr. 1983. Comparative
performance of obsolete and current cotton cultivars.
Crop Sci. 23: 949-952. We evaluated 17 cultivars over a
2-year period to determine what genetic improvements the
new cultivars had over older ones. The average rate of
yield increase from 1910 through 1979 due to cultivar
improvements was found to be 9.5 kg/ha/year. The average
lint yields in Mississippi from 1910 through 1979 shows
that yields have actually increased at the rate of 8.62
kg/ha/year.
Brinkerhoff,
L. A., L. M. Verhalen, W. M. Johnson, M. Essenberg, and
P. E. Richardson. 1984. Development of immunity to
bacterial blight of cotton and its implications for other
diseases. Plant Dis. 68: 168-173. Immunity to bacterial
blight of cotton was developed by combining several
single-gene resistance factors onto a polygenic
resistance background. The initial breeding procedure
involved backcrossing, with the recurrent parent
possessing the polygenic resistance; screening the
segregating progeny after each backcross with a
compatible mixture of virulent races of the pathogen; and
selfing the selected plants. Pedigree breeding with
continued screening and selfing was employed in later
generations. In experiments subsequently conducted in
many cotton-growing areas of the world, this immunity
remained stable for more than 20 years. The likelihood is
advanced that similar breeding and screening procedures
would prove useful for deriving long-term immunity in
other disease/crop complexes.
Brown,
M. S., S. A. Naqi, M. Y. Menzel, and D. M. Stelly. 1985.
Knob-6, a cytological marker for chromosome 6 of
Gossypium hirsutum L. J. of Hered. 76: 25-216. A
cytological marker consisting of a knob of extra
chromatin at the end of one arm of a large chromosome was
discovered in homozygous condition in a strain of cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum) from Uganda. That the knobbed
chromosome was large suggested that it belonged to the A
genome. Tests with translocations involving A-genome
chromosomes localized the knob to chromosome 6. The knob
greatly reduced chiasma formation in the arm bearing it
but not in the other arm or in other chromosomes. Knob-6
is a useful marker because it is easily maintained in
homozygous condition by self-pollination and is readily
discerned cytologically.
Bryson,
C. T., McCarty, J. C., Jr., Jenkins, J. N., and Parrott,
W. L. 1983. Frequency of pigment glands and capitate and
covering trichomes in nascent leaves of selected cottons.
Crop Sci. 23: 369-371. Frequency of pigment glands, and
covering and capitate trichomes on the laminae of nascent
terminal leaves of 29 cotton strains were evaluated.
Frequency of glands and of each of the two types of
trichomes seemed to be independent of one
another.
Buranaviriyakul,
Sunthorn. 1980. Evaluation of partial vs. complete
diallel crosses in upland cotton, Gossypium
hirsutum L. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma State
University. Griffing's complete diallel design was
compared to the factorial partial diallel (FPD) design 4
with four crosses (FPD4) per line and the circulant
partial diallel (CPD) design with sample sizes (= number
of crosses per line) of three (CPD3) and five (CPD5).
Points of comparison included detection of GCA and SCA,
estimates of narrow- and broad-sense heritabilities and
of average degree of dominance, selection of lines based
on relative GCA effects, and relative magnitudes of the
average standard errors of the difference of GCA effects.
The Jinks- Hayman method of analyzing a complete diallel
was compared to Griffing's analysis on the basis of
detection of additive and dominance variation and on the
relative size of their estimates of heritability and
degree of dominance. Computer simulations were used to
study the distribution of estimates of heritability and
average degree of dominance and the relationships of
those estimates between the complete vs. partial
diallels. Because of space limitations, results are not
reported here.
Burandt,
C. L. Jr. and P. A. Fryxell. 1990. A reappraisal of
Abutilon reflexum (Malvaceae) and its allies.
Syst. Bot. 15: 49-56. A critical analysis of a group of
four red-flowered species of Abutilon from western
South America.
Burke,
H. R., W. E. Clark, J. R. Cate, and P. A. Fryxell. 1986.
Origin and dispersal of the boll weevil. Bull. Entomol.
Soc. Amer. 32: 228-238. Knowledge of the origin and
dispersal of the boll weevil is summarized, including its
alternate host plants, its probable tropical origin, and
its historical spread as a cotton pest.
Butler,
G. D., Jr., T. J. Henneberry, and F. D. Wilson. 1986.
Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) on cotton:
adult activity and cultivar oviposition preference. J.
Econ. Entomol. 79: 350-354. In a greenhouse study, among
six normal-leaf, okra-leaf paired isolines, one okra-leaf
isoline had fewer adult whiteflies, two had more, and the
other three did not differ significantly from the
respective normal-leaf counterparts. Stoneville 825
Smoothleaf harbored fewer adults than did the
semi-smoothleaf or hirsute isolines. When half of a
normally hirsute Stoneville 825 leaf was shaved with an
electric shaver, it supported fewer whitefly adults and
eggs than did the unshaved half.
Butler,
G. D., Jr. and F. D. Wilson. 1984. Activity of adult
whiteflies (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) within plantings of
different cotton strains and cultivars as determined by
sticky-trap catches. J. Econ. Entomol. 77: 1137-1140.
Among eight lines in AET-5 background, carrying all
combinations of nectariless, smoothleaf, and okra leaf
and their normal counterparts, only the smoothleaf
combinations averaged fewer sweetpotato and bandedwinged
whiteflies. However, AET-5 smoothleaf and various lines
in DES 24 and DES 56 backgrounds carrying nectariless,
okra leaf, or semi- smoothleaf did not have fewer
whiteflies than the control cultivar, Deltapine
61.
Butler,
G. D., Jr., F. D. Wilson, and G. Fishler. 1991. Cotton
leaf trichomes and populations of Empoasca lybica
(Homoptera:Cicadellidae) and Bemisia tabaci
(Homoptera:Aleyrodidae). Plant Prot. 10: 461-464.
Leafhopper (Empoasca lybica) and whitefly
(Bemisia tabaci) populations were observed on 31
cotton entries planted at Bet She'an, Israel. Leafhopper
populations decreased while whitefly populations
increased as the number of leaf trichomes increased.
Various management strategies to deal with this dilemma
are discussed.
Butler,
G. D., Jr., F. D. Wilson, and T. J. Henneberry. 1985.
Cotton leaf crumple virus disease in Okra-leaf and
normal-leaf cottons. J. Econ. Entomol. 78: 1500-1502.
Cotton crumple leaf virus is transmitted by the
sweetpotato whitefly. Five normal-leaf cultivars and
their okra-leaf isolines were infected as seedlings.
Infected plants were 25 percent shorter, produced 47
percent fewer bolls, and 50 percent lower seedcotton
yields than the control plants. Disease symptoms were
expressed less in two okra-leaf isolines, but yields were
not higher than in the respective normal-leaf
cultivars.
Calhoun,
D. Steve. 1993. Near-term contribution of plant
resistance to cotton pest management in S. A.
Harrison (ed.). Proc. La. Assn. Agron., Alexandria, LA,
10-12 Mar. 1992. LA State Univ. [in press]. The
effects of various morphological and physiological traits
(including reduced pubescence, nectariless, frego bract,
high flower bud gossypol gland density, and early
maturity) on insect damage are reviewed, and current or
experimental varieties expressing those traits are
listed. Data from field tests of Bt cottons in Louisiana
are presented. Resistance to root-knot nematode in
experimental strains and 'Stoneville LA887' is also
discussed.
Calhoun,
D. S., J. E. Jones. E. Burris, W. D. Caldwell, B. R.
Leonard, S. H. Moore, and W. Aguillard. 1992. Breeding
insect resistant cottons for Louisiana. Louisiana Agric.
35: 20-22. Long-term performance of four experimental
insect resistant strains is presented. Strains included
LA850082 (frego bract, nectariless), LA850075 [frego
bract, high flower bud gossypol gland density (HG)],
LA870210 (HG), and LA870222 (HG). With the exception of
LA850075 compared to 'DES 119,' these strains yielded
from 6 to 16 percent more lint than 'Deltapine 41' (DP41)
and DES 119, averaged over from 12 to 34 tests. The frego
bract strains suffered less than half as much
bollworm/tobacco budworm (BW/TBW) damage, and less than
one-third as much boll weevil damage as DP41. LA870210
and LA870222 suffered 33 and 25 percent less BW/TBW
damage than did DP41.
Cathey,
G. W. and W. R. Meredith, Jr. 1988. Cotton response to
planting date and mepiquat chloride. Agron. J. 80:
463-466. The response of five cultivars at three planting
dates to mepiquat chloride (MC) was measured in 1982,
1983, and 1984 at Stoneville, MS. For yield and fiber
properties, no major interaction for cultivar x planting
date or cultivar x MC interaction was detected. However,
an MC x planting date interaction was evident. MC caused
a 4.5 percent reduction in lint yield from the mid-April
plantings, and 5.4 and 12.7 percent yield increase for
the early-May and late-May plantings, respectively. These
studies indicated that MC application would be most
beneficial in late-planted cotton, which tends to produce
more vegetative growth than earlier plantings.
Chan,
B. G., A. C. Waiss, Jr., V. Sevacharian, F. D. Wilson,
and B. W. George. 1982. Allelochemical inhibition of
larval growth of pink bollworm. Proc. Beltwide Cotton
Prod. Res. Conf. pp. 133-135. Antibiotic activity on the
larval growth of pink bollworm was found in non-polar and
polar extracts of carpel walls from 14-day-old bolls of
Gossypium arboreum var. sanguineum. This
activity was attributed to the presence of terpene
aldehydes in the boll glands.
Chan,
B. G. and F. D. Wilson. 1988. A new coumarin in cotton.
Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. pp. 106-107. A new
coumarin, scoparone [6,7-dimethoxycoumarin], was
found in ammonia-stressed Pima cotton stems along with
scopoletin which had been discovered previously. Neither
compound showed biological activity against pink bollworm
or cotton bollworm.
Chan,
B. G., F. D. Wilson, N. Mahoney, and M. J. Lukefahr.
1988. A holistic approach to study HPR in cotton. Proc.
Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. pp. 100-105. The
Heliothis complex overcomes cotton allelochemical
defense because: (1) neonate larvae feed on floral
primordial tissue, containing little secondary plant
products; (2) larvae become more tolerant as they grow
older; (3) larvae have the ability to recover rapidly
from the ill effects of allelochemicals. Allelochemicals,
in order to be more effective, must be turned on earlier
so as to be available at feeding sites of the younger,
more susceptible larvae.
Cherry,
J. P., R. J. Kohel, L. A. Jones, and W. H. Powell. 1986.
Food and feeding quality of cottonseed. Cotton Physiol.
No. 1. Sec. V., Special Topics, Ch. 37, pp. 557-595. A
comprehensive review of research on the use and potential
use of cottonseed in food and feed
applications.
Cornish,
K., J. W. Radin, E. L. Turcotte, Z. Lu, and E. Zeiger.
1991. Enhanced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of
Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) bred for
increased yield. Plant Physiol. 97: 484-489. Gas exchange
properties of six Pima cotton lines that differ in yield
response to heat stress indicated that selection for high
yield has been accompanied by increased photosynthetic
capacity and stomatal conductance, and altered diurnal
regulations of photosynthesis.
Culp,
T. W. 1981. Lint yield and fiber quality improvements in
PD lines of upland cotton. South Carolina Agric. Exp.
Sta. Tech. Bull. 1081. Eight experimental lines of upland
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with unusual
combinations of lint yield, fiber, and spinning
properties were developed. Most lines produced lint yield
equal to or superior to the commercial check cultivars,
Coker 201, Coker 310, and SC-1. Several of the
high-yielding lines were superior to SC-1 and PD 2165 in
fiber and yarn strength and resistance to the fusarium
wilt-rootknot nematode complex. PD 4548 has an unusually
high lint percentage, uniformity ratio, and wide
adaptation for a high-strength cotton.
Culp,
T. W. 1981. Registration of Pee Dee 4548 germplasm line
of cotton. Crop Sci. 21: 992. Pee Dee 4548, an improved
germplasm line of upland cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum L.) was released by USDA-ARS and the South
Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station in 1981. Pee Dee
4548 possesses high yield potential, high fiber and yarn
strength, unusually high lint percentage, and wide
adaptation.
Culp,
T. W. 1982. The present state of the art and science of
cotton breeding for fiber quality. p. 99-111. in
J. M. Brown (Ed.) Proc. Belt. Cotton Prod. Res. Conf.,
Las Vegas, NV. 3-7 Jan. Natl. Cotton Counc. Am., Memphis,
TN. The history, importance, inheritance, and breeding
methods to improve fiber quality were summarized.
Breeding for both improved lint yield and fiber quality
in the Pee Dee cotton breeding program is summarized. The
importance of linkage versus pleitropy in the negative
genetic correlation between lint yield and fiber strength
is discussed.
Culp,
T. W. 1985. Lectures presented to Chinese researchers at
the Cotton Research Institute, Anyang (Henan Province),
Peoples Republic of China in September 1984. Publ. by
USDA NTIS (National Technical Information System).
Results of an academic exchange on germplasm development
between U.S. and Chinese researchers are summarized.
Topics include cotton production history in the U.S.,
breeding cotton for yield, fiber quality, and insect
resistance, hybrid cotton, influence of yield components
on lint yield of high fiber strength cotton, maintenance
of varieties, and the effect of planting date and
cultivar on late-season insects and yield of
cotton.
Culp,
T. W. and C. C. Green. 1988. Some considerations in the
development of cottons with extra-fiber strength. p.
131-133. in J. M. Brown (Ed.) Proc. Belt. Cotton
Prod. Res. Conf., New Orleans, LA. 3-8 Jan. Natl. Cotton
Counc. Am., Memphis, TN. A simple breeding method of
pedigree selection for high yield and fiber strength in
populations derived from crossing PD germplasm with
commercial cultivars produced 11 superior genotypes.
Comparison of progeny from crosses between current and
obsolete PD parents suggest that genetic linkages between
lint yield and fiber strength have been broken. Crosses
of Chinese and PD cottons failed to produce selections
equivalent to the cultivars PD-1 or PD-3 in fiber
quality. Breeding procedures other than single crosses
followed by pedigree selection will be necessary to
simultaneously improve lint yield and fiber quality in
populations derived from PD germplasm and highly diverse
upland cottons.
Culp,
T. W. and R. F. Moore. 1987. Performance of Chinese and
U.S. cottons. p. 115-117. in J. M. Brown (Ed.)
Proc. Belt. Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., Dallas, TX. 4-8 Jan.
Natl. Cotton Counc. Am., Memphis, TN. Three U.S.
cultivars, Coker 315, DeltaPine 50, and PD-3, along with
three Chinese cultivars, Jimian 8, Ering 92, and 86-1
were compared for yield and fiber quality at Florence,
SC. The Chinese cultivars produced similar yields to the
U.S. cultivars, but fiber length and fiber strength of
Chinese cultivars was inferior to U.S.
cultivars.
Culp,
T. W., R. F. Moore, L. H. Harvey, and J. B. Pitner. 1988.
Registration of 'PD-3' cotton. Crop Sci. 28:190. The
cultivar PD-3 developed by USDA-ARS and the South
Carolina Experiment Station was released in 1987 as a
replacement for 'PD-1.' PD-3 has wider adaptation, higher
lint yield potential, stronger fiber, higher yarn
tenacity, and fewer neps.
Culp,
T. W., R. F. Moore, and J. B. Pitner. 1984. Simultaneous
improvement of lint yield and fiber strength in cotton.
South Carolina Agric. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 1090. Seven
germplasm lines of upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
cotton with unusual combinations of lint yield, fiber,
and spinning properties were developed. The seven
germplasm lines produced lint yields equal to the check
cultivars Coker 201, Coker 310, and SC-1. Two PD lines
had higher fiber strength than SC-1 and PD 2165, and all
seven had higher yarn strength. These findings indicate
that a new level in fiber quality has been reached in the
PD material.
Culp,
T. W., R. F. Moore, and J. B. Pitner. 1985. Registration
of 'PD-1' cotton. Crop Sci. 25:198. 'PD-1' cotton,
developed by USDA-ARS and the South Carolina Agricultural
Experiment Station, was released in 1984 as a replacement
for 'SC-1.' SC-1 was the first cultivar in South Carolina
with extra-fiber strength genes of triple hybrid origin
that yielded similar to commercial cultivars. Compared
with SC-1, PD-1 has higher lint yield, stronger fiber,
and better resistance to the fusarium wilt-rootknot
nematode complex.
Culp,
T. W., R. F. Moore, and J. B. Pitner. 1985. Registration
of seven germplasm lines of upland cotton. Crop Sci. 25:
201-202. Seven germplasm lines of upland (Gossypium
hirsutum L.) cotton developed by USDA-ARS and the
South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station were
released. The germplasm lines combine high-yield
potential, extra fiber strength, wide adaptation, and
unusual combinations of fiber properties.
Dani,
R. G. and R. J. Kohel. 1987. Effects of time on boll set
on seed-oil content in cotton. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 57:
391-394. The effect of boll set on seed-oil content was
determined by weekly measures over a 6-week period.
Performance was most consistent in the first 3 to 4 weeks
of bolling. Significant differences and interactions were
found with the weekly measurements.
Dani,
R. G. and R. J. Kohel. 1989. Maternal effects and
generation mean analysis of seed-oil content in cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 77:
569-575. Four lines in P1 , P2,
F0, F1, F2,
BC1 and BC2 generations with
reciprocal cross combinations were analyzed. Significant
maternal, non-cytoplasmic effects were found. Genetic
components and their interactions were
measured.
Dobson,
S. L. S. 1983. Selection for drought resistance in cotton
utilizing stomatal resistance measurements. M. S. Thesis,
Oklahoma State University. A two-way selection study for
stomatal resistance was conducted within 16 F2
populations of cotton to determine what proportion of the
selected differences were transmitted to the
F3 and to study indirect effects on agronomic
and fiber quality characteristics. Direct selection was
generally ineffective. Only one population displayed a
significant and positive response. Indirect selection
response in that population revealed a reduction in lint
percentage and an increase in fiber strength (at the 0.20
prob. level). Based on these results, this method of
screening for drought resistance is probably not of value
to cotton breeders.
Eissa,
A. M., J. N. Jenkins, and C. E. Vaughan. 1983.
Inheritance of seedling root length and relative root
weight in cotton. Crop Sci. 23: 1107-1111. Using the
standard cotton cool temperature (18 °C) germination
test, 124 day-neutral composite F3 strains
were evaluated for root length and relative root weight.
Genetic analysis of five strains indicated that selection
should be delayed to the F3 to allow
recombination of epistatic genes to occur. Recurrent
selection is suggested as a breeding method that should
be applicable to developing plants with long roots with a
high relative root weight.
Endrizzi,
J. E. and R. Nelson. 1989. Linkage analysis and arm
location of the open bud (ob1) and
yellow petal (Y2) loci in chromosome 18
of cotton. Genome. 32: 1041-1043. It was shown that the
open bud and yellow petal genes are located,
respectively, on the short and long arms of chromosome
18. The ob1 gene is 3.4 and the
Y2 gene is 8 map units from the
centromere; thus the two loci are at least 11 map units
apart.
Endrizzi,
J. E. and G. Ramsay. 1980. Identification of 10
chromosome deficiencies of cotton. J. Hered. 71: 45-48.
Monosomes for chromosomes 9, 10, 12, 20, and 25 and
telosomes for chromosomes 5, 14, 20, and 26 have been
identified. Twenty-six marker genes were tested in
different combinations with the chromosome deficiencies
and the results showed the following associations;
chromosome 3 and fg (linkage group VI), chromosome
5 and P1 (XI), chromosome 12 and
N1gl
1bw1ne 1
(V), chromosome 18 Y1ob (XVI),
and chromosome 26 and n2gl
3ne2 (IX). Genetic results
establish that chromosomes 12 and 26 are
homeologs.
Endrizzi,
J. E. and G. Ramsay. 1983. Inheritance of the
H1, H2, and
Sm2 genes in cotton. Crop Sci. 23:
449-452. Used aneuploids to show that the
H1 and Sm2 genes also
are located 4 map units from the centromere in the long
arm of chromosome 6. F2 populations of
the three crosses of H1 x
H2, H1 x
Sm2 , and Sm2 x
H2 and found that the three genes
segregated as alleles.
Endrizzi,
J. E. and D. T. Ray. 1991. Linkage analysis of open bud
(ob2) and yellow petal
(Y1) loci in chromosome 18 of cotton.
Genome. 34: 461-463. In this study ob2
and Y1 were found to have a mean
recombination percentage of 3.14 for backcross and 3.40
for self-pollinated families from 2n parental
heterzygotes and 10.73 in families from mono-18 parental
heterzygotes.
Endrizzi,
J. E. and D. T. Ray. 1992. Mapping of the
cl1 R1,
yg1, and Dw loci in the long arm
of chromosome 16 of cotton. J. Hered. 83: 1-5. The four
loci are in the long arm of chromosome 16 and, including
the centromere, the map order and map distances between
loci were determined to be: centromere 30.0 ± 6.3
cl1 18.6 ± 1.3
R1 19.8 ± 1.4
yg1 33.8 ± 1.6 Dw.
Endrizzi,
J. E., D. T. Ray, and A. C. Gathman. 1983. Centromere
orientation of quadrivalents of heterozygous
translocations and an autoploid of Gossypium
hirsutum L. Genetics 105: 723-731. Cytological
observations of quadrivalents of heterzygous
translocations demonstrate that, in addition to
alternate-1 and alternate-2 orientations, a third
alternate orientation (alternate-3), which occurs as a
three-dimensional, V-type configuration, can be
identified.
Endrizzi,
J. E., E. L. Turcotte, and R. J. Kohel. 1984. Cytology,
Genetics, and Evolution of Gossypium. Cotton.
Amer. Soc. Agron. Ch. 4, pp. 81-129. A review of cotton
qualitative genetics and cytogenetics of
cotton.
Endrizzi,
J. E., E. L. Turcotte, and R. J. Kohel. 1984. Qualitative
genetics, cytology, and cytogenetics. Cotton Amer. Soc.
Agron. 24: 81-129. A review of qualitative genetics,
cytology, and cytogenetics of cotton is presented.
Endrizzi,
J. E., E. L. Turcotte, and R. J. Kohel. 1985. Genetics,
cytology and evolution of Gossypium. Advances in
Genetics. 23: 271-375. A comprehensive review of the
published information on the cytology, genetics, and
evolution of Gossypium is presented.
Feaster,
C. V. and E. L. Turcotte. 1983. Notice to growers
relative to release of a commercial variety of American
Pima cotton, 'Pima S-6.' USDA, and Ariz., New Mex., and
Tex. Agric. Exp. Stn. Memo. 3p. and Registration of Pima
S-6 cotton. (Reg. No. 81). Crop Sci. 24: 382. 1984. Pima
S-6 was released as a replacement for 'Pima S-5' in a
major portion of the Pima cotton belt. The advantages of
Pima S-6 are earlier maturity and higher
yield.
Flint,
H. M., N. J. Curtice, and F. D. Wilson. 1986. A
comparison of related nectaried and nectariless cottons
for control of the pink bollworm in field plots treated
with gossyplure, insecticide, or untreated. J. Agric.
Entomol. 3: 362-368. The nectariless Deltapine NSL had
significantly fewer pink bollworm per boll and yielded 23
percent more lint than the control cultivar, Deltapine
61, in untreated plots. Pink bollworm infestation was
lowest in insecticide-treated plots, intermediate in
untreated plots, and highest in gossyplure-treated plots.
Lint yield was highest in insecticide-treated plots, but
not significantly different in untreated and
gossyplure-treated plots.
Flint,
H. M., N. J. Curtice, and F. D. Wilson. 1988. Development
of pink bollworm populations (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) on
nectaried and nectariless Deltapine cottons in field
cages. Environ. Entomol. 17: 306-308. Seasonal increases
in populations of pink bollworm, from moths released in
separate cages of nectaried 'Deltapine 61' and
nectariless 'Deltapine NSL,' were 21-fold for the
nectaried cultivar and 15-fold for the nectariless one, a
highly significant reduction for the latter.
Flint,
H. M., N. J. Parks, D. L. Hendrix, F. D. Wilson, and J.
W. Radin. Whitefly population growth in cotton. A 3-year
study in Maricopa, Arizona. USDA-ARS-93. Sweetpotato
whitefly is a late-season pest of cotton at Maricopa.
Reproduction on cotton is associated with water-stressed
plants following irrigation termination. The initial
source of the late season adult whiteflies, which are
assumed to be immigrants, is unknown. A control measure
would be to chemically defoliate the plants as soon as
possible after irrigation is terminated.
Flint,
H. M., F. D. Wilson, and N. J. Parks. 1989. Causes of
square shed in cotton in central Arizona. Southw.
Entomol. 14: 271-278. Square shed in WC-12NL, a
nectariless, okra-leaf germplasm line, was compared with
that in the nectaried, normal-leaf cultivar, Deltapine
61. Causes of square shed were (1) physiological stress;
(2) thrips; (3) lygus bugs; (4) bollworms. WC-12NL set 23
percent more squares than Deltapine 61 in early season.
Over the season, WC-12NL shed more squares caused by
physiological stress, and shed fewer due to thrips damage
than did Deltapine 61. Abnormal (4-bract) squares on
Deltapine 61, but not on WC- 12NL, had greater feeding
damage caused by thrips than did normal (3-bract)
squares.
Flint,
H. M., F. D. Wilson, N. J. Parks, R. Y. Reynoso, B. R.
Stapp, and J. L. Szaro. 1992. Suppression of pink
bollworm (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) and effect on
beneficial insects of nectariless okra-leaf germplasm
line. Bull. Entomol. Res. 82: 379-384. At two locations
over three seasons, boll infestations of pink bollworm
were significantly lower on the nectariless, okra-leaf
germplasm line WC-12NL than on the nectaried, normal-leaf
Deltapine 61. The numbers of Lygus spp. and three
beneficial insects were not different on the two cottons.
Collops beetle numbers were higher on WC-12NL, while lady
beetle numbers were higher on Deltapine 61.
Foster,
J. David, Jr. 1987. Prometryn tolerance of glanded vs.
glandless isolines in selected cotton cultivars. M. S.
Thesis, Oklahoma State University. Experiments were
conducted in a growth chamber to compare the prometryn
tolerance of glanded vs. glandless 'Empire 61 (WR)' and
'Westburn M' isolines. Two intermediately glanded Empire
isolines
(Gl2Gl2gl3gl3
and
gl2gl2Gl3Gl3)
were also available. Ratios derived from leaf
fluorescence measurement curves established that
photosynthetic inhibition caused by prometryn in glanded
plants was of less intensity and shorter duration than in
glandless plants. Comparisons involving the
intermediately glanded Empire isolines suggested that
Gl2 enhances tolerance more than does
Gl3. Glanded vs. glandless isolines on
five genetic backgrounds (i.e., Empire 61 (WR), Westburn
M, 'Delcot 277,' 'TH 149,' and 'Stoneville 213') plus the
two intermediate Empire isolines were also evaluated for
prometryn tolerance in the field. Visual injury ratings
and measured lint yields support the growth chamber data.
The treated glanded isoline on each background displayed
less injury (20 to 56 percent) and higher yield (44 to 60
percent) than the corresponding glandless isoline. Again,
Gl2 showed less injury than
Gl3, though differences in lint yield
were not significant. Clearly, lysigenous glands enhance
prometryn tolerance in cotton, and higher gland density
is directly associated with increased tolerance.
Foy,
C. D., J. E. Jones, and H. W. Webb. 1980. Adaptation of
cotton genotypes to and acid, aluminum toxic soil. Agron.
J. 72: 833-839. Fifty-four cotton genotypes were
screened for Al tolerance in greenhouse pots of an acid,
Al-toxic Tatum subsoil (clayey, mixed, thermic, typic
Hapludult) with pH adjusted to approximately 4.8 or 5.3
with CaCO. Tolerance was measured as relative
growth in lower vs. higher pH. Genotypes showing greatest
tolerance to acid subsoil included 'Pima S-2,' 'Acala
4-42,' La DASS 5194, La DASS 5187, 'Stoneville 213,'
'Delcot 277,' 'McNair 612,' and 'Dixie King 3.' More
sensitive genotypes included 'Auburn 56,' 'Coker 201,'
'Deltapine 16' and several experimental
lines.
Foy,
C. D., H. W. Webb, and J. E. Jones. 1981. Adaptation of
cotton genotypes to an acid, Manganese toxic soil. Agron.
J. 73: 107-111. Sixty-five cotton genotypes were screened
in greenhouse pots of an acid (pH 5.1), Mn-toxic Grenada
(fine silty, mixed, thermic, typic, Fragiudalffs) silt
loam. Nine of these genotypes, plus two from Brazil, were
compared on the same soil at pH 5.1 vs. pH 6.9. Genotypes
showing the greatest resistance included C-310,73-307;
LaDSIS 12513; and LaDASB 12609. Manganese sensitive
genotypes included C-Sgl,70-517; C-417-2912; and Coker
201.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1980. A new species of Hampea (Malvaceae)
from El Salvador. Syst. Bot. 5: 442-444. Hampea
reynae is described and illustrated.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1981. Revision and expansion of the neotropical
genus Wercklea (Malvaceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 62:
457-486. The 12 species of Wercklea are described,
illustrated and discussed in detail. They occur in
Central America, the West Indies, and northwestern South
America, i.e. around the periphery of the Caribbean
Sea.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1982. Billieturnera (Malvaceae), a new genus
from Texas and Mexico. Sida 9: 195-200. A distinctive new
genus is recognized with one species occurring in saline
habitats in southern Texas and northeastern
Mexico.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1983. Very peronal generic names (nomina
perpropria): A contribution to whimsical botany. Sida 10:
95-102. A survey and analysis is made of generic names of
angiosperms honoring individuals based on their full
names (given name and surname) which is found to be a
long-standing and continuing practice.
Fryxell.
P. A. 1984. Evolucion de las especies cultivadas de
algodon. Ceiba 25: 156-163. Evolution in Gossypium
is discussed in broad outline, with particular attention
to the origin of the cultivated species.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1984. Four new species of Malvaceae from Mexico.
Syst. Bot. 9: 415-422. Pavonia discolor, Periptera
ctenotricha, Robinsonellachiangii, and Dirhamphis
mexicanaare described and illustrated.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1984. La evoluciùn de las especies
cultivadas de algodùn. Ceiba 25: 156-163. A
semi-popular account, in Spanish, of evolution in
Gossypium, with special reference to the
cultivated species, taken from a talk given to a workshop
in Central America.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1984. Rojasimalva (Malvacea), un nuevo
genero de Venezuela. Ernstia 28: 11-14. A new genus is
recognized with one species occurring in
Venezuela.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1984. Taxonomy and germplasm resources.A Cotton
Monograph, Amer. Soc. Agron. Monograph Ser. # 24. Chapter
2, pp. 27-57. The taxonomy of Gossypium is
summarized, including botanical descriptions of all of
the known species, and a discussion of the range of
variation available in the genus. Against this
background, the history and development of cotton
germplasm collections is discussed, followed by a
consideration of examples of the successful utilization
of these resources.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1985. Additional novelties in Mexican Malvaceae.
Syst. Bot. 10: 268-272. Horsfordia exalata,
Robinsonella glabrifolia,and Abutilon procerum
are described and illustrated.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1985. Four new species of Malvaceae from Venezuela.
Syst. Bot. 10: 273-281. Abutilothamnus yaracuyensis,
Batesimalva killipii, Dendrosida wingfieldii, and
Peltaea krapovickasiorum are described and
illustrated.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1985. Sidus sidarum V. The North and Central
American species of Sida. Sida 11: 62-91. The 42
species of Sida that occur in North and Central
America (incl. the West Indies) are treated and sorted
into 11 sections of the genus. The sectional divisions
are applicable on a world-wide basis.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1985. Up with diversity. BioScience 36: 735-737.
Presidential address to the American Society of Plant
Taxonomists, discussing problems and trends in the
education of the next generation of systematic
botanists.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1986. "The Cotton Gazetteer" by Arlen W. Frank.
Econ. Bot. 40: 251-252. Book review of an interesting
summarization of cotton statistics world-wide.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1986. Ecological adaptations in Gossypium
species. in Mauney, J. R. and J. M. Stewart
(eds.), Cotton Physiology, The Cotton Foundation,
Memphis, TN. Ch. 1, pp. 1-7. The wild species of cotton
are adapted to a wide array of ecological habitats. The
adaptations to these ecological factors that have evolved
in the various species are described, to indicate the
range of germplasm available in the genus
Gossypium and to indicate the physiological
background against which studies of the physiology of the
cultivated species can be understood.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1988. "Charles Wright on the boundary, 1849-1852,
or Plantae Wrightianae revisited" by Elizabeth A. Shaw.
Econ. Bot. 42: 53. Book review of a detailed analysis of
the life and work of an important plant collector, at
least with that portion of his career when he worked on
the U.S. - Mexican border.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1988. The genus Pavonia in Australia.
Nuytsia 6: 305-308. A review of what is known of the
three species of Pavonia that have been recorded
from Australia.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1988. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25:
1-522. A book-length illustrated monograph on the 55
genera and over 370 species of Malvaceae that occur in
Mexico. A treatment of the 14 species of Gossypium
that occur in the country is included, as well as
treatments of other genera of the cotton tribe:
Hampea (11 Mexican species), Cienfuegosia
(3 Mexican species), and Thespesia (1 Mexican
species).
Fryxell,
P. A. 1990. Malvaceae. Flora of Chipas, Calif. Acad.
Sci., San Francisco, CA. pp 1- 86. A treatment of the 35
genera and 129 species of Malvaceae that occur in
Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico. Selected
species are illustrated.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1990. New species of Malvaceae from South America.
Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 163-172. Briquetia
brasiliensis, Nototriche ecuadoriensis, Pavonia
falconensis, Pavonia insperabilis,and Urocarpidium
stipulatum are described and mostly
illustrated.
Fryxell,
P. A. 1992. A revised taxonomic interpretation of
Gossypium. Rheedea 2: 108-165. An updated account
of current understanding of the taxonomy of
Gossypium, taking into account several recently
described species and newly acquired data relevant to
classification in the genus. The classification into
subgenera, sections and subsections is revised, and one
new section and one new species are described, bringing
the total number of species to 50.
Fryxell,
P. A., L. A. Craven, and J. M. Stewart. 1992. A revision
of Gossypium sect. Grandicalyx, including
the description of six new species. Syst. Bot. 17:
91-114. The 11 species of this group are from the
Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. Their history
and ecological context are fully discussed; the species
are described and their distributions mapped; chromosome
counts (all 2n=26) are reported for seven of the species;
and six new species are described and illustrated: G.
enthyle, G. exiguum, G. londonderriense, G. marchantii,
G. nobile, and G.rotundifolium.
Fryxell,
P. A. and S. D. Koch. 1987. New or noteworthy species
from the Sierra del Sur of Guerrero and Michoacçn,
Mexico. Aliso 11: 539-561. A description of several new
species from Mexico, including Gossypium
schwendimanii, together with commentary on these and
other noteworthy collections and illustrations of the new
species.
Fryxell,
P. A. and S. D. Koch. 1991. Pavonia ecostata
(Malvaceae), a new species from Jalisco, Mexico. The new
species is described and illustrated.
Fryxell,
P. A. and A. Krapovickas. 1986. Proposal to conserve
Peltaea against Peltostegia. Taxon 35: 389-390. A
proposal [subsequently approved] to stabilize a
nomenclatural matter in the Malvaceae.
Fryxell,
P. A. and A. Krapovickas. 1990. The Malvaceae published
by Turczaninow. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 173-182.
An analysis of the 58 names published Malvaceae by N. S.
Turczaninow (1796-1864), including two new generic names,
based on an examination of the specimens studied by him
that are kept at the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in
Kiev.
Fryxell,
P. A. and J. Valdes. Observations on Fryxellia
pygmaea (Malvaceae). Sida 14: 399-404. The
rediscovery of this rare plant in central Coahiula is
noted, and observations are presented on its ecology,
chromosome number (2n=16), and probable taxonomic
affinities.
Fryxell,
P. A., J. Valdes, and J. A. Vallarreal. 1991. A new
species of Sphaeralcea (Malvaceae) from Coahiula,
Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 36: 358-360.
Sphaeralcea reflexa is described and illustrated
and its chromosome number (2n=20) reported.
Fryxell,
P. A. and F. D. Wilson. 1986. Clarification of the status
of Hibiscus (sect. Furcaria) uncinellus DC.
(Malvaceae). Brittonia 38: 107-110. H. uncinellus,
a vigorous, red-flowered vine of Mexico, has been
confused with H. bifurcatus Cav., a pink-flowered
shrub of Central and South America.
George,
B. W. and F. D. Wilson. 1983. Pink bollworm: Effects of
natural infestation on upland and Pima cottons untreated
and treated with insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 76:
1152-1155. The economic level of seed damage caused to
cotton by pink bollworm was 3 to 10 percent in the
susceptible upland cultivar, Deltapine 61; 5 to 17
percent in the susceptible Pima cultivar, Pima S- 5; and
above 17 percent in the resistant upland breeding stock,
AET-5. Over 3 seasons, lint yields in unsprayed plots
were 84 percent (Deltapine 61), 73 percent (Pima S-5),
and 101 percent (AET-5) of yields in insecticide-treated
plots.
George,
B. W., F. D. Wilson, and R. L. Wilson. 1983. Methods of
evaluating cotton for resistance to pink bollworm, cotton
leafperforator, and lygus bugs. So. Coop. Ser. Bull. 280.
pp. 41-45. A review of the host-plant resistance methods
used at the Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Phoenix,
Arizona.
Girma,
Bedada. 1981. Breeding behavior of tufted seed in crosses
involving two tufted lines and three commercial cotton
cultivars. M. S. Thesis. University of Arkansas. Seed
tip-fuzz inheritance was examined in upland cotton. The
tuft character derived from Yugloslav 72 appeared
controlled by a single recessive gene. The gene was not
allelic to the naked character derived from D-15 x
Stripper 31. A tufted trait also derived from D-15 x
Stripper 31 differed from the Yugloslaw trait. Whereas
the D-15 x Stripper 31 mutants accompanied low lint
perccent, the Yugoslav 72 trait did not.
Green,
C. C. and T. W. Culp. 1988. Utilization of fiber strength
measurements in the development of high fiber strength
cottons. p. 613-614. in J. M. Brown (Ed.) Proc. Belt.
Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., New Orleans, LA. 3-8 Jan. Natl.
Cotton Counc. Am., Memphis, TN. Stelometer and HVI fiber
strength measurements were evaluated as selection
criteria to improve yarn strength in three cotton
populations. Neither fiber strength measurement was more
consistently correlated with yarn strength over the three
populations. Stelometer and HVI fiber strength were only
moderately correlated, suggesting that the two strength
measurements may not be measuring the same genetic
properties.
Greenhagen,
Bruce E. 1988. Magnitude and consistency of heterosis in
crosses among Plains- type cotton cultivars. M.S. Thesis,
Oklahoma State University. The magnitude and consistency
of midparent (MP) and high parent (HP) heterosis over
three irrigated locations and/or 3 years were studied for
cotton in Oklahoma. Parents, F1s, and
F2s were evaluated for all possible crosses,
ignoring reciprocals, among five Plains-type cultivars
[(1) 'Lockett 77,' (2) 'Tamcot SP21,' (3) 'Paymaster
303,' (4) 'Tamcot SP37,' and (5) 'Westburn M']. Six
parental combinations (1 x 3, 1 x 4, 1 x 5, 2 x 4, 3 x 5,
and 4 x 5) displayed significant F1 MP
heterosis for lint yield ranging from 11.5 to 34.0
percent. That heterosis was consistent over locations and
years. The four other combinations sporadically displayed
significant F1MP heterosis over environments.
Five parental combinations (1 x 3, 1 x 4, 1 x 5, 3 x 4,
and 3 x 5) exhibited significant F1HP
heterosis for lint yield ranging from 12.6 to 26.6
percent. That heterosis was consistent over locations and
years, and those five combinations have economic
potential. One of the remaining combinations (2 x 3) did
not exhibit significant F1HP heterosis. The
four other combinations sporadically exhibited
significant F1HP heterosis over environments,
and their potential is questionable.
Gwyn,
J. J. and D. M. Stelly. 1989. Method to evalute pollen
viability of upland cotton: Tests with chromosome
translocations. Crop Sci. 29: 1165-1169. A modified
fluorochrome reaction (FCR) method, using fluorescein
diacetate, was evaluated for application as a pollen from
normal and reciprocal chromosome translocation cytotypes
grown in greenhouse and field environments. Analyzed
materials included 44 different true-breeding
translocation homozygotes, respective F1
heterozygotes, and three differenct cytogenetically
analyzed BC1F1 families. Results
were concordant with cytogenetic expectations and meiotic
analyses, indicating that the pollen technique works
well.
Ha,
Sam B. 1986. Effects of selected morphological traits in
cotton on natural insect infestations, lint yield, lint
percent, and fiber quality. Ph.D. Dissertation, Oklahoma
State University. Five morphological traits (i.e., okra
leaf, nectariless, frego bract, smooth leaf, and
glandless) vs. the normal check were compared in each of
eight genetic backgrounds under irrigation and without
insecticides at two locations for 3 years. The
smooth-leaf trait reduced cotton fleahopper populations
by 54 percent when averaged over years, locations,
backgrounds, and sampling dates. Frego bract increased
fleahopper numbers by 64 percent over the same variables.
The okra-leaf, nectariless, and glandless traits
occasionally influenced fleahopper infestations, but not
consistently. Smooth leaf did suppress, to some extent,
bollworm oviposition; but the other traits had little
effect on that trait. The nectariless lines were
comparable to the checks for lint yield and lint percent.
The okra-leaf lines were also comparable to the checks
for lint yield, but were frequently lower for lint
percent. Large and consistently significant reductions in
lint yield and lint percent of the frego-bract lines were
exhibited. The smooth-leaf lines often displayed lower
lint yield than the checks, possibly resulting from lower
lint percent. The lint yield and lint percent of the
glandless lines were reduced in some genetic backgrounds.
Based on these results, frego-bract should not be
incorporated into the Oklahoma cotton breeding program;
smooth leaf and glandless appear unpromising and probably
should not be used; and nectariless and okra-leaf should
receive some attention.
Ha,
S. B. and L. M. Verhalen. 1986. Inheritance of the
multilock boll in upland cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton
Prod. Res. Conf. p. 103. (Abstr.) Upland cotton normally
has four- or five-lock bolls and occasionally bolls with
three- or six- locks. A mutant type which consistently
has 6- to 10-lock bolls (averaging between 7 and 8) was
obtained from the Regional Cotton Germplasm Collection at
Stoneville, MS (S.A. 0981 "Multiple Lock, West Tex"). Two
multilock lines derived from S.A. 0981 were crossed with
TM-1 and 'Westburn M,' respectively. The parental,
F1, F2, and backcross populations
were examined. Multilock boll appears to be governed by a
single, largely recessive gene.
Hampton,
R. E., D. M. Oosterhuis, J. McD. Stewart, and K. S. Kim.
1987. Antomical differences in cotton related to drought
tolerance Ark. Farm. Res. 36(6):4. Various genotypes
represented by Stoneville 506, DeRidder Red Leaf, Pilose,
D2 and a G. barbadense were measured
for epidermal wall thickness, cuticle thickness, trichome
density, capitate gland density and stomate density.
Physiological measurements were leaf temperature,
stomatal resistance and transpiration. Pilose has the
lowest surface temperature. Stomatal number did not
correlate with stomatal resistance or
transpiration.
Hsieh,
C., J. N. Jenkins, J. C. McCarty, Jr., R. L. Shepherd,
and W. L. Parrott. 1987. Breeding potential of cotton
germplasm tolerant to tobacco budworm Heliothis
virescens (Fab.). Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn.
Tech. Bull. 144. 7 pp. Genetic analysis of resistance to
tobacco budworm in M-DH-118, M-DH-126, and M-DH-128
indicate that there should be no major complicating
factors in using these three lines as parents to develop
cultivars with resistance to tobacco budworm. Analysis
suggest that delaying selection until F4 and selecting on
a progeny row basis should be successful. Variance for
resistance was primarily additive with smaller but
significant dominance and epistatic effects
present.
Hsu,
C. L. and J. McD. Stewart. 1982. A rapid stain method for
suspension cultured plant cells. J. Tiss. Cult. Meth. 7:
69-72. A procedure based on partial hydrolysis of cells
with HCL followed by toluidine blue O staining is
described for visualizing cell walls and chromosomes of
cultured plant cells including cotton.
James,
D. and J .E. Jones. 1985. Effect of leaf and bract
isolines on spray penetration and insecticidal efficacy.
Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf., pp. 395-396. Four
isolines of cotton differing in leaf (okra vs. normal)
and bract (frego vs. normal) types in all combinations
were evaluated under four insecticide regimes to evaluate
the effects of these morphological traits on insecticide
efficacy and spray penetration. Spray penetration was
measured when cotton was 4 feet tall by spraying the crop
with non- active agricultural dye using a J.D. Hy-Cycle
delivering 8 gal/a at 40 p.s.i. and evaluating paper
cards that had been placed at three depths within the
canopy. Okra leaf was found to significantly increase
spray penetration both in terms of drops per square inch
and percent area covered. Insecticide efficacy results
were inconclusive
Jenkins,
J. N., P. A. Hedin, W. L. Parrott, J. C. McCarty, Jr.,
and White, W. H. 1983. Cotton allelochemics and growth of
tobacco budworm larvae. Crop Sci. 23: 1195-1198. Putative
allelochemicals for resistance to tobacco budworm were
fed in wheat germ diet and their relationship to larvae
weight were determined. Chemicals were cyanidin,
delphinidin, gossypol, condensed tannin, chrysanthemin,
isoquercitrin and quercetin. Regression equations are
presented to describe effects on larvae
growth.
Jenkins,
J. N., J. C. McCarty, Jr., and W. L. Parrott. 1990.
Effectiveness of fruiting sites in cotton: yield. Crop
Sci. 30: 365-369. Plant maps of bolls at harvest were
developed for eight cultivars. From 66 to 75 percent of
yield came from position one bolls, 18-21 percent from
position two bolls, with 2-4 percent from all other
position bolls. Monopodial branches produced from 3-9
percent of yield. The newer short-season cultivars
produced more of their yield at nodes 5-8 than older
cultivars.
Jenkins,
J. N., J. C. McCarty, Jr., and W. L. Parrott. 1990.
Fruiting efficiency in cotton: Boll size and boll set
percentage. Crop Sci. 30: 857-860. Plant maps of bolls at
harvest were developed for eight cultivars. Boll set
varied by cultivar and node. Bolls at position 1 were 14
percent and 21 percent larger than bolls at positions 2
and 3, respectively.
Jenkins,
J. N., W. L. Parrott, J. C. McCarty, Jr., K. A. Barton,
and P. F. Umbeck. 1991. Field test of transgenic cottons
containing a Bacillus thuringiensis gene. Miss.
Agric. and For. Expt. Stn. Technical Bulletin 174. 6 pp.
Describes field test and regulatory protocol for
evaluation of transgenic cotton containing a gene from
Bacillus thuringiensis which codes for the delta
endotoxin. The cotton plants did not express the toxin as
levels sufficient to offer field control of tobacco
budworm.
Jenkins,
J. N., W. L. Parrott, J. C. McCarty, Jr., and L. Dearing.
1986. Performance of cottons when infested with tobacco
budworm. Crop Sci. 26: 93-95. Resistance to tobacco
budworm defined as ability to set and mature bolls in the
presence of high levels of tobacco budworm was measured
in 13 cotton strains. Resistance was identified in ST 506
and confirmed in PEE DEE 875, PEE DEE 8619 and Tamcot
CAMD-E. Regression analysis suggest that about 65 percent
of the measured resistance is associated with early,
rapid fruiting.
Jenkins,
J. N., W. L. Parrott, J. C. McCarty, Jr., and W. H.
White. 1982. Breeding cotton for resistance to the
tobacco budworm: techniques to achieve uniform field
infestations. Crop Sci. 22: 400-404. Techniques,
equipment, and procedures for handling tobacco budworm
pupae, adults, eggs, and first instar larvae are
described, as well as procedures for uniformily infesting
progeny rows of cotton with first instar
larvae.
Jenkins,
J. N., and F. D. Wilson. Host plant resistance. p.
in E. G. King and J. R. Phillips (eds.) Cotton
insects and mites: characterization and management. No.
3. Cotton Foundation Ref. Book Ser. A review of
resistance of cotton to insects and mites.
John,
M. E. and J. McD. Stewart. 1992. Genes for better jeans:
biotechnological advances in cotton. Biotechnology 10:
165-170. A review of the current status of biotechnology
applications in cotton. Emphasis is placed on the status
of molecular manipulation of cotton fiber
chracteristic.
Jones,
J. E. 1982. The present state of the art and science of
cotton breeding for leaf-morphological types. Proc.
Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. pp. 93-99. Literature
review on the effects of leaf shape (including normal,
okra, sub-okra, sea-island, and laciniate) on boll rot,
earliness, yield, leaf area, within-canopy microclimate,
reaction to insects, weed control, and special
adaptation. (44 references).
Jones,
J. E., J. P. Beasley, J. I. Dickson, and W. D. Caldwell.
1988. Registration of four cotton germplasm lines with
resistance to reinform and root-knot nematodes. Crop Sci.
28: 199- 200. Lines included La. RN 4-4, La. RN 909, La.
RN 910, and La. RN 1032. All were selections from LA
434-RKR. LA 434-RKR originated from a cross of Bayou 7769
x 'Deltapine 16.' Bayou 7769 is resistant to root-knot
nematode (RKN) and was developed from a cross of
'Deltapine 15' x 'Clevewilt-6.' The germplasm lines were
evaluated for nematode resistance in the greenhouse in
RKN and reinform nematode (RN) infested soil, and in the
field on natural RN-infested soil at Baton Rouge,
LA.
Jones,
J. E., E. Burris, W. D. Caldwell, J. G. Marshall, J. I.
Dickson, and D. F. Clower. 1987. Field performance of
some new cotton strains with resistance to
Heliothis spp. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res.
Conf. pp.94-96. Five new high glandulosity (HG) cotton
strains were found to exhibit significant levels of
resistance to natural field infestations of
Heliothis spp., as measured by fruit damage, fruit
infestation, and lint yield, when compared to the
susceptible cultivar, Stoneville 213. La. HG 810063 and
La. HG 820660, in particular, represent improvements in
yield potential, earliness, and fiber quality while
maintaining a moderately high level of resistance to
Heliothis spp.
Jones,
J. E., E. Burris, S. J. Stringer, and D. F. Clower. 1984.
Further breeding studies with frego bract cottons. Proc.
Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. pp. 369-371. Several
frego and frego-nectariless strains were evaluated under
a moderate plant bug infestation which was left
uncontrolled until 27 July, about 3 weeks after first
bloom. La. 243-47-FN, La. 271-53-FN, and La. 271-58-FN
were significantly more tolerant and/or resistant to
plant bugs than La. 81-560-FN, the frego-nectariless
check strain. These strains represent a significant step
forward in developing useable frego bract
cottons.
Jones,
J. E., W. D. Caldwell, D. T. Bowman, J. W. Brand, A.
Coco, T. G. Marshall, D. J. Boquet, R. Hutchinson, W.
Aguillard, and D. F. Clower. 1981. Gumbo 500: An
advancement in breeding open-canopy cottons. Louisiana
Agric. 24: 8-13. 'Gumbo 500' was released in 1981 by the
Louisiana State Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. as a replacement
for 'Gumbo.' Gumbo 500, like Gumbo, is characterized by
the okra-leaf trait that gives it an open-type canopy.
However, Gumbo 500 represents an improvement over Gumbo
for yield, earliness, lint percentage, fiber quality, and
resistance to Fusarium wilt.
Jones,
J. E., D. F. Clower, E. Burris, J. G. Marshall, and S. J.
Stringer. 1983. Progress in breeding frego-nectariless
cottons for reduced plant bug sensitivity. Proc. Beltwide
Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. pp. 81-83. Literature and
unpublished studies relating the advantages of frego
bract and it sensitivity to plant bug are reviewed. The
nectariless trait was an aid in reducing plant bug
sensitivity in frego bract, but did not completely solve
the plant bug problem. Ar-Frego 3 and Ar-Frego 25 were
found to flower at a high rate during July, a trait that
either reflects reduced square shed due to plant bug
damage, or is a mechanism of tolerating yield loss due to
plant bug feeding.
Jones,
J. E., J. I. Dickson, W. Aguillard, W. D. Caldwell, S. H.
Moore, R. L. Hutchinson, and R. L. Rogers. 1991.
Registration of 'LA 887' Cotton. Crop Sci. 31: 1701. 'LA
887,' tested experimentally as LA 830887, was developed
from a cross of LA 434-RKR x DES 11-9. LA 434-RKR is an
experimental strain with superior fiber quality and
resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN). DES 11-9 is an
experimental strain obtained from R. R. Bridge, Delta
Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. A selection
(DES 11913) from DES 11-9 was subsequently released as
'DES 119.' LA 887 is characterized by premium fiber
quality, resistance to RKN/fusarium wilt complex, and
high-yield potential.
Jones,
J. E., J. I. Dickson, and J. P. Beasley. 1987. Preference
and nonpreference of boll weevils to selected cotton.
Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. pp. 98-102.
Certain genotypes were shown to be several times more
attractive to boll weevils than the commercial cultivars,
Stoneville 213 and Deltapine 41. Their greater
attractiveness was due in part to an early and more rapid
fruiting rate, but in the case of 'Tamcot CAB-CS,' TX
CAMD 21S-7-81, and TX BLLEBOS 1-83, an additional
attractiveness factor was indicated. A number of breeding
strains with red-stem, red-stem-nectariless, frego bract,
and frego- nectariless traits were nonpreferred by boll
weevil. Field resistance to boll weevil was confirmed in
six day-neutral-converted race stocks (MT-109, MT-293,
MT-326, MT-330, MT- 763, and MT-1180) and in one
day-neutral race-stock-derived strain
(T277-2-6).
Jones,
J. E., J. I. Dickson, E. Burris, D. F. Clower, W. D.
Caldwell, J. G. Marshall, and S. J. Stringer. 1988.
Registration of three insect resistant cotton germplasm
lines. Crop Sci. 28: 200. Lines included La. HG-063, La.
HG-065, and La. HG-660, which combine resistance to
bollworm/tobacco budworm (BW/TBW) with early maturity,
good yielding ability, acceptable fiber quality, and
reduced pubescence. BW/TBW resistance is attributed to a
high frequency of normal-size gossypol glands (HG)
located over the calyx (including lobes), ovary wall, and
other plant parts. The lines were developed from a cross
between two HG lines, La. HG 83-1-1546 x La. HG
1838-1497. The two parents were selected from an
intercross population involving Louisiana advanced
breeding lines, 'Stoneville 213,' and GT5A-10-152XG15.
The strain, GT5A-10-15-2XG15, obtained from M. J.
Lukefahr, was the original source of the HG
trait.
Jones,
J. E., J. I. Dickson, J. B. Graves, A. M. Pavloff, B. R.
Leonard, E. Burris, W. D. Caldwell, S. Macinski, and S.
H. Moore. 1989. Agronomically enhanced insect-resistant
cottons. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. pp.
135-137. Yield and insect damage of five experimental
strains is discussed. LA850074-F, LA850075-F,
LA850082-FN, LA860280-F, and LA860284-F were equal to or
superior than La HG-660 in terms of lint yield and
reduced bollworm/tobacco budworm (BW/TBW) damage.
LA850074-F and LA850075-F produced lint yields equal to
or superior than 'Deltapine 41' and 'DES 119' in the
absences of BW/TBW. All strains are frego bract and would
be expected to be resistant to boll weevils as
well.
Jones,
J. E., J. I. Dickson, and R. G. Novick. 1988. Another
look at effects of leaf shape traits on agronomic
performance of upland cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod.
Res. Conf. p. 94. Four leaf shape near-isolines
[normal, semi-okra (sea-island or sub-okra), okra,
and super-okra] on each of two genetic backgrounds
(La 213-613 and MD 65-11) were evaluated in nine
environments. Okra leaf was the superior leaf shape on
the La. 213-613 background in terms of lint yield;
sub-okra was the superior leaf shape on the MD 65-11
background. Super-okra was affected by environments more
than the other leaf types; its yield was inferior to
normal leaf in environments where rank growth was not a
problem, but equal or superior to normal leaf when rank
growth occurred. Super-okra leaf increased earliness on
both genetic backgrounds, and okra leaf increased
earliness on the La. 213-613 background.
Jones,
J. E., R. G. Novick, and J. I. Dickson. 1988. Boll weevil
resistance in day-neutral converted primitive race stocks
of Gossypium hirsutum L. Proc. Beltwide Cotton
Prod. Res. Conf. p. 99. Nine race-stock-derived,
day-neutral strains were compared with the
boll-weevil-susceptible cultivars, Stoneville 213 and
Deltapine 41, and the resistant frego-nectariless
breeding line La.81-560FN for relative field resistance
to boll weevils and for anther number and mass per
flower. Field resistance was confirmed in four strains
(MT 109, MT 330, MT 763, and MT 1180) and identified for
the first time in MT 323 and T 1219). The
race-stock-derived strains had as many or more anthers
per flower, but less than or equally as much anther mass
per flower as the checks. All race-stock-derived strains
were late and unproductive, but provide sources of boll
weevil resistance that should be used in cultivar
development.
Jones,
R. W., J. R. Cate, and P. A. Fryxell. 1991. Phenology and
ecology of Cienfuegosia intermedia Fryx.
(Malvaceae) and evaluation as a host plant of the boll
weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. Southwestern
Naturalist 36: 75-83. It is concluded that boll weevils
are not hosted by C. intermedia, and the plant
plays no role in the population dynamics of the weevils
in north central Mexico.
Katterman,
F. R. H. and V. I. Shattuck. 1983. An effective method of
DNA isolation from the mature leaves of Gossypium
species that contain large amounts of phenolic terpenoids
and tannins. Preparative Biochemistry 13(4): 347-359.
Purified and unstained nuclei were isolated from the
leaves of several Gossypium species (diploid and
tetraploid). DNA, previously unobtainable, was then
extracted from the nuclei by conventional
means.
Kennedy,
C. W., M. T. Ba, A. G. Caldwell, R. L. Hutchinson, and J.
E. Jones. 1987. Differences in root and shoot growth and
soil moisture extraction between cultivars in an acid
subsoil. Plant and Soil 101: 241-246. Research was
conducted to determine if differences in yield and crop
growth of field-grown cultivars (Stoneville 825,
Deltapine 41, Auburn 56, and Pima S-5) would be related
to root length density and end-of-season soil moisture
content in an acid soil. Normalization of root density on
a percentage of total root density basis indicated that
Stoneville 825 and Pima S-5 had a consistently greater
percentage of roots in the acidic subsoil than did Auburn
56 and Deltapine 41. Subsoil moisture remaining at the
end of the season was least for Stoneville 825 and
greatest for Deltapine 41. Differences in root length
density and implied soil moisture extraction in acidic
subsoil may partly explain differences in adaptation by
some cultivars to nonirrigated, drought-prone, acidic
soils.
Kennedy,
C. W. and J. E. Jones. 1991. Evaluating quantitative
screening methods for manganese toxicity in cotton
genotypes. J. Plant Nutrition 14: 1331-1339. Cotton
genotypes LaDSIS 12513, LADASS 5175, Coker gl 79-501, and
Pima S-5 were used to compare several quantitative and
semi-quantitative measures of reaction to high levels of
soil manganese. Indole-3-acetic acid oxidase (IAAO) is
the functional enzyme of Mn toxicity, but has a
relatively slow assay method. Peroxidase activity, with a
faster assay method, was found to most closely parallel
IAAO activity. Specific leaf weight and "percentage of
leaves that were damaged" correlated the least with IAAO
activity.
Kennedy,
C. W., W. C. Smith, and J. E. Jones. 1986. Effect of
early season square removal on three leaf types of
cotton. Crop Sci. 26: 139-145. Square removal was carried
out in the field on normal leaf (NL), okra leaf (OL), and
super- okra leaf (SOL) near-isogeneic lines of
'Stoneville 213' for 3 and 6 weeks to determine (1) if
improved yield could be obtained in OL and/or SOL types
by enlarging the canopy, and (2) if delaying fruit set
produced differential response in these leaf types.
Results would form the basis for development of a boll
weevil trap crop system using exogenous chemicals for
square abscission. Square removal increased plant height,
LAI and number of sympodial branches. Fruit set was more
rapid and occurred in a shorter interval for all leaf
types undergoing square removal for 3 weeks. These
responses were greatest and most consistent in SOL. Rapid
fruit set was due primarily to more sympodia fruiting
simultaneously. Yield of SOL was 23.5 percent greater
with 3 weeks of square removal than without square
removal. Yield was not improved in NL or OL by square
removal.
Kennedy,
C. W., W. C. Smith, and J. E. Jones. 1986. Effect of
reduced light intensity on reproductive growth of three
isogeneic lines differing in leaf type. Proc. Beltwide
Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. p. 63. Isogeneic lines of
'Stoneville 213' differing in leaf type [normal (NL),
okra (OL), and super- okra (SOL)] were evaluated in
the field under full sun, 55 percent shade cloth, and 80
percent shade cloth for 3 years. Shaded OL maintained a
flowering rate comparable to control plants, while flower
production in NL and SOL declined numerically or
statistically across shade treatments. Boll accumulation
rates of leaf types declined in shade treatments, but the
reduction was smallest in OL. Relative to controls, OL
and SOL had greater boll retention percent than NL in the
80 percent shade treatment. Seed cotton yield was
significantly greater in OL than NL or SOL in 80 percent
shade treatment.
Kittock,
D. L., E. L. Turcotte, and W. C. Hofmann. 1988.
Estimation of heat tolerance improvement in recent
American Pima cotton cultivars. J. Agron. and Crop Sci.
161: 305- 309. This report estimated change in heat
tolerance of Pima cotton through yield response over 30
years in six Arizona counties that differ in elevation
and mean summer temperatures. Pima lint yield increased
from 57 percent of upland yield in 1956 to 75 percent in
1985 when averaged over the six counties. Comparison of
regression coefficients suggest that nearly 50 percent of
the 30- year lint yield increase of Pima cotton at lower
elevations was the result of increased tolerance to high
temperature in improved cultivars.
Kohel,
R. J. 1980. Genetic studies of seed oil in cotton. Crop
Sci. 20: 784-787. Twenty lines with a wide range of seed
oil were studied for genetic control of seed oil in
F3. Heritability estimate for seed oil was 35
percent. Seed oil and seed components were
measured.
Kohel,
R. J. 1982. Crinkle-yellow, a new mutant in Gossypium
hirsutum L. J. Hered. 73:382- 383. A new completely
recessive mutant, crinkle-yellow, was described. Linkage
analysis with 41 loci found no linkage
associations.
Kohel,
R. J. 1983. Genetic analysis of virescent mutants and the
identification of virescents v- 12, v-13, v-14, v-15, and
v-16v-17 in upland cotton. Crop Sci. 23: 289-291. Nine
virescent lines were tested for relation to existing
virescents. The tests identified some alleles with
existing virescents and identified six new loci, four
simply inherited and one duplicate recessive.
Kohel,
R. J. 1983. Genetic analysis of the yellow-veins mutant
in cotton. Crop Sci. 23: 291- 293. A new completely
recessive mutant was described. Linkage analysis with 38
loci determined it was a member of linkage group XVII
with Rugate and virescent-1.
Kohel,
R. J. 1985. Genetic analysis of fiber color variants in
cotton. Crop Sci. 25: 793-797. Lines with combinations of
brown and green fuzz and lint were analysed for their
relation to known genes. Four new brown lint loci were
described. All green lint and fuzz lines were allelic to
green lint.
Kohel,
R. J. 1988. Genetic analysis of a white mutant in cotton.
Crop Sci. 28: 1016-1018. A new mutant was described that
is controlled by duplicate recessive genes. The mutant is
usually expressed as a seedling lethal. Linkage analysis
found no linkage with the 14 loci tested.
Kohel,
R. J. 1989. Cotton. Ch. 21. pp. 404-415. Oil Crops of the
World. Robbelen, G., R.K. Downey, and A. Ashri (eds.).
McGraw Hill Publ. Co., New York, N.Y. The genetics of
seed-oil of cotton was reviewed. A discussion was
presented on the status and potential for breeding of
seed traits in cotton was given.
Kohel,
R. J. and C. R. Benedict. 1987. Growth analysis of
cottons with differing maturities. Agron. J. 79: 31-34.
Performance of differing maturing cotton were evaluated
for timing of reproductive events, amounts, and
partioning of dry weight. It was determined that early
maturity limits productivity per plant, but plant yield
components can be modified with genetic
selection.
Kohel,
R. J. and J. P. Cherry. 1983. Variation of cottonseed
quality with stratified harvests. Crop Sci. 23:
1119-1124. Two years data from stratified harvests were
obtained for seed quality factors including fatty acid
and amino acid profiles. Significant interactions
demonstrated the care needed in sampling experiments and
they pointed out the need for more research to understand
the environmental factors influencing seed
development.
Kohel,
R. J., J. Glueck, and L. W. Rooney. 1985. Comparison of
cotton germplasm collections for seed-protein content.
Crop Sci. 25: 961-963. Seed protein was determined for
the Gossypium hirsutum lines in the germplasm
collection. These values were related to earlier
determinations of seed-oil content.
Kohel,
R. J. and McMichael. 1990. Immature fiber mutant of
Upland cotton. Crop Sci. 30: 419- 421. A simple recessive
mutant, immature, is described. The mutant phenotype is
characterized by fibers with immature
development.
Kohel,
R. J. and A. E. Percival. 1989. Genetic analysis of the
"rex" mutant in cotton. J. Hered. 80: 78-80. A complete
recessive mutant termed rex was described. It was found
as a spontaneous mutant in the cv. Rex. Linkage analysis
found it linked to Ragged leaf, 17.45 percent, and
therefore a member of linkage group X.
La
Duke, J. C. and P. A. Fryxell. 1988. Lecotypification of
Malva angustifolia Cav. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid
45: 159-163. The type specimen of Malva
angustifolia (= Sphaeralcea angustifolia) has
previously been problematical. The problem is reviewed
and resolved by the choice of a lectotype.
Lambert,
L., Jenkins, J. N., Parrott, W. L., and McCarty, J. C.
1980. Evaluation of foreign and domestic cotton cultivars
and strains for boll weevil resistance. Crop Sci. 20:
804-806. Forty-four domestic and introduced cotton
strains were evaluated for resistance to boll weevil
oviposition. Introduced lines, Lasani 11, AC 134, Albar
627, GO77-2, BP 52/NC 63, and domestic lines TX-LY-18-72,
DES-HERB 16, and DES-ARB 16 received significantly less
oviposition than DPL 16, but not less than ST
213.
Lambert,
L., Jenkins, J. N., Parrott, W. L., and McCarty, J. C.
1980. Evaluation of 38 foreign and domestic cotton
cultivars for tarnished plant bug resistance. Miss.
Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn. Res. Report 5(1). 4 pp.
Thirty-eight foreign and domestic cotton cultivars were
evaluated for tarnished plant bug resistance. Four lines
from Bulgaria showed significant resistance.
Lambert,
L., Jenkins, J. N., Parrott, W. L., and McCarty, J. C.
1982. Effect of 43 foreign and domestic cotton cultivars
and strains on growth of tobacco budworm larvae. Crop
Sci. 22: 543-545. Thirty-five foreign and eight USA
cotton lines were evaluated for antibiosis to tobacco
budworm. Significant antibiosis was present in foreign
entries BJA 592, Laxmi, SATU 65 and US strains MO-HG and
HG-BR-8-N.
Lambert,
L., Jenkins, J. N., Parrott, W. L., and McCarty, J. C.
1982. Greenhouse technique for evaluating resistance to
the bandedwinged whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) used
to evaluate thirty-five foregin cotton cultivars. J.
Econ. Entomol. 75: 1166-1168. A greenhouse procedure for
evaluation of cotton lines for banded winged white flies
was developed and used to evaluate 36 cotton lines. One
foreign line C 1211 had significantly less white fly
colonization than DPL 16. No line had less white fly
emergence than DPL 16.
Lee,
J. A. 1981. A genetical scheme for isolating cotton
cultivars. Crop Sci. 21: 339-341. A complementary
lethality interaction occurs when G. davidsonii
Kell., a diploid cotton, is crossed with either G.
hirsutum L. or G. barbadense L., tetraploid
cottons. The tetraploids contribute Le1
and Le2 while the diploid contributes
Ledav. This latter allele was
transferred via hexaploid bridging. The le and
Ledav alleles can be used to
genetically isolate cottons for special purposes, e.g.
productions of hybrids and gossypol-free
seeds.
Lee,
J. A. 1981. Genetics of the D3 complementary lethality
system in Gossypium hirsutum and G.
barbadense. J. Hered. 72: 299-300. Two alleles,
Le1 and Le2, were
identified as the complementary lethal factors located in
the G. hirsutum and G. barbadense genomes.
The allele Ledav is found in the
diploid G. davidsonii genome.
Lee,
J. A. 1981. A new linkage relationship in cotton. Crop
Sci. 21: 346-347. Linkage between the gland-determining
allele, GL3dav, and
the complementary lethal factor, Ledav,
was estimated at 25.9 + 3.0 recombination
units.
Lee,
J. A. 1982. Linkage relationships between Le and Gl
alleles in cotton. Crop Sci. 22: 1211- 1213. Indirect
results and reconstruction of probable pathways in the
evolution alleles at the le loci in various
Gossypium taxa led to the tentative conclusion
that Le2 and Ledav
are alleles at a common locus. Direct methods of testing
allelism are not possible since combination of the two
alleles results in lethality of the embryo or
plant.
Lee,
J. A. 1984. Effect of plant smoothness on agronomic
traits of upland cotton-fiber properties. Crop Sci. 24:
716-720. Degree of plant smoothness was not related to
any consistent deleterious effect on fiber properties;
however, specific smoothness alleles did confer fiber
quality deficits. The Sm2 allele
reduced 2.5 percent fiber span length and increased fiber
micronaire. The Sm1sl
allele reduced fiber tenacity. There was evidence for
maternal and reciprocal effects for some fiber
traits.
Lee,
J. A. 1984. Effects of plant smoothness on agronomic
traits of upland cotton-lint percentage. Crop Sci. 24:
583-587. The degree of plant smoothness was not
correlated with values for number of seeds per boll seed
index, lint index, and grams of seed cotton per boll. The
Sm2 allele significantly reduced lint
percent, and increasing plant smoothness does not further
reduce lint percent.
Lee,
J. A. 1984. Effects of two pilosity alleles on agronomic
and fiber traits of upland cotton. Crop Sci. 24: 127-129.
The pilosity alleles, H2 and Pilose, impart
dense pubescence to plant parts of cotton. Pilose
differed from H2 by having pubescent bolls.
Pilose reduced 2.5 percent fiber span length and 50
percent fiber span length and fiber tensile strength
while it increased fiber length uniformity index and
fiber micronaire.
Lee,
J. A. 1984. Two new alleles at the sm1
locus in cotton. Crop Sci. 24: 945-947. One allele from
the wild Hawaiian tetraploid species, G.
tomentosum Nutt. ex. Seem., removes all trichomes
from stems and most trichomes from mature leaves. This
allele is dominant to normal pubescence. The second
allele is from the Peruvian diploid species, G.
raimondii Ulbr., and increases the density of
trichomes acting as a dominant allele. This finding
suggests that the sm1 locus of the D
subgenome is the homeologue of the sm2
or h1 of the A subgenome.
Lee,
J. A. 1985. Effects of the density of pubescence on some
traits of extra-long-stapled cotton. Crop Sci. 25:
517-520. Glabrous reduced lint percent in AS-2 and Pima
S-5, reduced 2.5 percent span fiber length in AS-2 and
reduced fiber tenacity and fiber length uniformity index
in Coastland compared with normal pubescence. Hirsuteness
increased lint percent in AS-2 and Pima S-5, reduced g
seed cotton boll-1, lint index, fiber length uniformity
index, and fiber elongation in Coastland compared with
normal pubescence.
Lee,
J. A. 1985. Revision of the genetics of the
hairiness-smoothness system of Gossypium. J.
Hered. 76: 123-126. The symbols T and t,
denoting trichomes, replace the earlier symbols of
glabrousness, Sm and sm, and hirsute
enhancing, H and h. Five loci were
identified with the t1 and
t2 loci each bearing six alleles; the
t3 locus, three alleles; and the
t4 and t5 loci each
bearing two alleles.
Lee,
J. A. 1986. Effects of boll pilosity on some traits of
'Pima' cotton. Crop Sci. 26: 741-743. Boll pilosity
(dense pubescence) resulted in significantly higher
micronaire values (5.9 and 5.8 versus 5.0 and 5.3) than
glabrous bolls in a genetic stock, E-2, of 'Pima' cotton
(Gossypium barbadense L.).
Lee,
J. A. 1987. Induction of adventitious shoots in cotton.
Crop Sci. 27: 349-350. Adventitious buds were discovered
in the upland cotton cultivar, 'Coker 201,' although the
numbers were low. However, the primitive G. hirsutum
cotton 'Orinoco' appeared to have a well-developed
capacity for the generation of shoots from roots and/or
stumps.
Leonard,
B. R., J. E. Jones, and J. B. Graves. 1989.
Heliothis spp. management in cotton utilizing host
plant resistance in combination with selected
insecticides. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. pp.
323-327. Yield and insect damage of La HG-660
[partially resistant to bollworm/tobacco budworm
(BW/TBW)] and 'Deltapine 41' (DP41, susceptible to
BW/TBW) were compared under three BW/TBW control regimes:
larvicide, ovicide and no control. DP41 without BW/TBW
control suffered significantly more BW/TBW damage than
all other treatments. A larvicide in combination with La
HG-660 was the most effective treatment for controlling
BW/TBW damage, though not significantly more effective
than a larvicide in combination with DP41. Lint yields of
both strains were highest with a larvicide and lowest
without insecticide. No strain x insecticide treatment
interaction was observed for lint yield.
Li,
R., D. M. Stelly, and N. L. Trolinder. 1989. Cytogenetic
abnormalities in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
cell cultures. Genome. 32: 1128-1134. Paired samples from
cotton suspension cultures established from 21-month old
'Coker 312' and 8-month-old 'Coker 315' calli were
pretreated or not pretreated with colchicine to detect
cytogenetic abnormalities at metaphase or
anaphase-telophase, respectively. Cell cultures
established from both calli were found to vary in
chromosome number. Hypoaneuploidy was common, but
hyperaneuploidy and polyploidy were rare. Bridges at
anaphase and telophase were frequent in the 'Coker 312'
cultures but rare in the 'Coker 315' cultures.
Cytogenetic differences between the cultures could be due
to effects of culture age, genotype, their interaction,
or other factors. The occurrence of hypoaneuploidy and
bridges, including multiple bridges within single cells,
is concordant with the hypothesis that
breakage-fusion-bridge cycles may accumulate during in
vitro culture of cotton.
Lott,
E. J. and P. A. Fryxell. 1983. A new species of
Sicyos (Cucurbitaceae) from Chiapas, Mexico.
Brittonia 35: 34-36. Sicyos motozintlensis is
described and illustrated.
McCall,
Lloyd L. 1981. Multidirectional selection in upland
cotton for three fiber properties. Ph.D. Dissertation,
Oklahoma State University. Three long-term, selection
studies were conducted through five cycles within
genetically variable populations of cotton. One
population was selected only for fiber length, another
for fineness, and the last for strength. In each
selection cycle, the upper and lower 10 percent of the
plants in the population were selected; and selfed seed
from those plants were bulked to form new high and low
populations for subsequent tests and further selections.
Response to selection for fiber length appeared to be
linear, but more effective for shorter than for longer
fiber. Even after four cycles of selection under enforced
selfing, most populations possessed sufficient
variability to show significant selection responses in
the fifth selection cycle. Reverse selection was
effective in most cases, but it also suggested that the
first selection made for fiber length is the most
important. Selections for longer fiber tended to result
in lower lint yield, lint percentages, uniformity index,
and delayed maturity; tending to increase were another
measure of fiber length, fiber fineness, and fiber
strength. Selections toward coarser fiber were generally
effective through five cycles; whereas, those toward
finer fiber apparently reached a limit after only two
selections. One reverse selection for fiber fineness
apparently greatly reduced the genetic variability of the
trait. Selections for coarser fiber tended to result in
shorter fiber and in higher uniformity index. All other
traits (except earliness) displayed significant
correlated responses, but no general trends in direction
were evident. The fiber strength results have been
published elsewhere (Crop Sci. 26:744-750. 1986) and are
not duplicated here.
McCall,
L. L., L. M. Verhalen, and R. W. McNew. 1982.
Genotype-environment interaction study of lock tenacity
in upland cotton. Crop Sci. 22: 794-797. Sixteen cotton
cultivars were grown in experiments under irrigation and
on dryland at two Oklahoma locations over a 3-year
period. The storm resistance trait, measured as "lock
tenacity," was studied in genotype x environment
interaction analyses over years for all four experiments,
for the two irrigated tests, and for the two dryland
tests. A number of genotype x environment interaction
mean squares for lock tenacity were significant for both
observed and log-transformed data; however, the
magnitudes of the interaction variance components were
relatively small compared to their respective cultivar
components. Classifications into major boll-type
categories and selections for the trait in one
environment should be relatively stable in other
environments. However, because the range of values
observed was greater and because the separation of boll
types was more distinct under irrigation, more effective
selections for the trait are probably made under that
situation.
McCall,
L. L., L. M. Verhalen, and R. W. McNew. 1986.
Multidirectional selection for fiber strength in upland
cotton. Crop Sci. 26: 744-750. This selection experiment
for T1 fiber strength was conducted through
five cycles within a genetically variable population of
cotton to investigate the direct and correlated responses
to selection for that trait. The stronger-fibered 10
percent of the plants, as well as the weaker-fibered 10
percent, were selected within each population in each
cycle. Selfed seed from selected plants were used to form
new populations for testing and further selection.
Selection for fiber strength was effective. After four
cycles of selection under enforced self-pollination, half
the populations still possessed sufficient genetic
variability to show a sign