1998 Rice Variety Trials


Dwight G. Kanter, Agronomist
MAFES, Delta Research and Extension Center
Stoneville, Mississippi

Theodore C. Miller, Agronomist
Tri-M Agronomics, LLC
Leland, Mississippi

Joe E. Street, Rice Specialist
MSU Extension Service/MAFES Delta Research and Extension Center
Stoneville, Mississippi

Acknowledgments
List of Tables
1998 Rice Variety Performance Trials
Test Procedures
Results
   Table 1
   Table 2
   Table 3
   Table 4
   Table 5
   Table 6
   Table 7
   Table 8
   Table 9
   Table 10
   Table 11



Acknowledgments

This research was partially funded by Mississippi Rice Promotion Board funds.

The following county agents of the Mississippi State University Extension Service participated in site selection of some of the on-farm tests: Dwayne Wheeler, Don Respess, and Tommy Baird.

Special thanks are given to the cooperating producers who voluntarily provided the land area for conducting these tests and for the production inputs during the crop season. These tests are an inconvenience for some field operations and their patience is sincerely appreciated.

The assistance of George Baird, III, Research Assistant and Leland S. Lanford, Shari Murphree, and Sanfrid D. Shaifer, Agricultural Technicians, MAFES, Delta Research and Extension Center, in conducting this research is appreciated. Carolyn Johnson, Leander Holmes, and Joe Latham of the plant pathology project collected and analyzed the disease data.

List of Tables

Table 1.     Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on
a Sharkey clay soil near Tunica, Tunica County, Mississippi, 1998
 
Table 2.     Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on
a Sharkey clay soil near Lambert, Quitman County, Mississippi, 1998
 
Table 3.     Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on a
Dundee silt loam soil near Blaine, Sunflower County, Mississippi, 1998
 
Table 4.     Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on a
Dowling clay soil near Cleveland, Bolivar County, Mississippi, 1998
 
Table 5.     Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on a
Sharkey clay soil at the Delta Research and Extension Center,
Stoneville, Mississippi, as part of the on-farm tests, 1998
 
Table 6.     Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on a
Sharkey clay soil near Hollandale, Washington County, Mississippi, 1998
 
Table 7.     Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on a
Sharkey clay soil near Rolling Fork, Issaquena County, Mississippi, 1998
 
Table 8.     Average rough rice yields of long grain varieties and lines
evaluated in on-farm tests at seven locations, 1998
 
Table 9.     Average agronomic and milling performance of long grain
rice varieties and lines grown at seven on-farm locations, 1998
 
Table 10.     Annual and average grain yields along with agronomic and
milling data averages of rice varieties and lines grown in the
Delta on-farm tests from 1989 to 1998
 
Table 11.     Reactions of rice varieties to common diseases


1998 Rice Variety Performance Trials

In 1998, approximately 266,775 acres of rice were planted in 17 Delta counties of Mississippi compared to 238,237 acres planted in 1997. Bolivar County had the highest planted acreage at 80,750 acres. Essentially all the production in Mississippi was from long grain rice. Lemont continued to be the predominant variety planted on about 74% of the acreage. Estimated acreages planted to other varieties were as follows: Cypress 16%, Kaybonnet 7%, and 3% for other varieties.

The on-farm variety tests represent the final step in the yield evaluation program before a variety is released for commercial production in Mississippi. Conducting these tests on commercial farms across the Delta provides important information on variety performance and adaptability under diverse environmental conditions. These test locations give a partial sampling of actual production situations in the Delta, where practically all Mississippi rice is produced. These multiple locations also permit evaluation of entries for resistance to pests and/or other field related stresses, which often have a greater natural incidence at locations other than at the Delta Research and Extension Center (DREC). Significant sheath blight and kernel smut occurred at some locations in 1998.

Planting dates for the different locations ranged from April 6 to May 19, which are within the typical period for planting rice in the Delta. All tests were planted into conventionally prepared seedbeds. Early season dry weather resulted in most fields needing to be flushed to obtain a stand in 1998. Moderate sheath blight infection developed on susceptible entries at the Lambert test, with light to moderate infestation occurring at the other locations. There was no observed incidence of blast in any of the test locations. Moderate to severe levels of kernel smut occurred at the Lambert location. Light levels of kernel smut were observed on susceptible varieties at several other locations. Hot temperatures during the growing season resulted in lower yields and milling quality at some locations.

Variety selection is one of the most important decisions a rice producer makes as he prepares his production plans each season. The information in this bulletin is intended to assist the producer in this decision making process. Other sources of information may include past production experience with that variety and consulting with local and state rice Extension personnel. Data summarized over locations and years are generally a more reliable indication of future variety performance than individual tests.

Twelve long grain varieties and lines were included in the replicated test at each location. Cocodrie and Madison were the only newly released varieties in 1998. They are both long grain, high yielding semidwarf varieties with good agronomic and processing characteristics released by Louisiana and Texas, respectively. Cocodrie and Madison have been included in the on-farm tests for the past two years.

Test Procedures

Each test consisted of four replications planted at the seven locations. All seven-row plots were drill seeded at an equivalent seeding rate of 90 lb/A at a depth of approximately one-inch. Cultural practices were performed by the cooperator and varied by location. In general, the tests were grown under conditions of high productivity. The field management practices for each location are recorded in the footnotes of Tables 1 through 7.

Agronomic data were collected at appropriate times during the season. Plots were hand-harvested and standard procedures were used in processing the samples for grain and milling yield determinations. Readers may refer to a variety bulletin of a previous year for further details on experimental procedures.

Statistical analyses were performed on the yield data from each location. The least significant difference (LSD) for yield at the 5% probability level has been included in the tables to aid in comparing varieties. If the yields of any two varieties or lines differ by the LSD value or more, they may be considered significantly different.

The coefficient of variation (CV) provides a general indication of the level of precision of each variety test. Lower CV values indicate greater reliability of the test. LSD and CV values are reported in the footnotes of the first nine tables.

Results

The field performance of each variety in the seven individual tests is presented in Tables 1 through 7. Sheath blight ratings are listed in the location and summary tables. Average test yields ranged from 125 bu/A at Blaine to 161 bu/A at Cleveland. Grain yields of varieties in these tests averaged about the same in 1998 as they did in 1997, which was lower than the 1996 grain yields. This reflected the somewhat adverse weather conditions that affected the rice crops in 1997 and 1998. There were some initial stand problems and irregular emergence within plots at the Lambert and Cleveland locations. However, the rice at all locations emerged and developed into satisfactory stands. Straighthead intensity was light at the Blaine location depending on variety or line susceptibility. The field at this location had silt loam soil and was precision leveled in 1997. Generally, yields, milling quality, and test variability (CV) were better this year than last year across most on-farm tests.

Table 8 provides a seven-location summary of grain yields for all varieties and one experimental line tested. Priscilla ranked second in average yield (160 bu/A) across all seven on-farm locations (Table 9). Cocodrie ranked first in average yield at 165 bu/A (Table 8). It can be seen from the LSD value for the average yield column that Priscilla significantly outyielded all varieties except Cocodrie in the 1998 On-Farm Rice Variety Tests. Table 10 shows Priscilla's milling quality to be close to that of Lemont and that it also has a very heavy grain weight (27.5 gm/1000 seed). It possesses sheath blight tolerance as indicated in the tables and specifically in Table 2 where sheath blight was shown to be heavier at Lambert. Another variety that continues to have an excellent performance record is Lemont. Although Lemont has some shortcomings, it continues to be the variety of choice in Mississippi because of its consistent and dependable productivity.

The average values for milling and agronomic characteristics are summarized in Table 9. Head rice yields in pounds per acre are reported to give the reader a knowledge of a variety's overall performance in terms of whole grain milled rice produced per acre. Both total and whole grain milling yields were lower in 1997 and 1998 than in 1996. Kaybonnet, Cypress, and Cocodrie averaged the highest whole grain milling yields (56.6, 56.5, and 56.2, respectively).

Lodging resistance should be seriously considered when selecting a variety to grow. This is especially important when it occurs early before fields have been drained or when rainy weather persists before harvest. Lodging was worst at the Blaine location, although a fair amount occurred at Lambert. Madison lodged slightly at only one location (Blaine - 2%). The varieties that lodged the most in the 1998 On-farm Rice Variety Test were Drew (32%), Rexmont (18%), Cypress (16%), and Jackson (16%) (Table 9).

The long-term performance of 11 varieties in on-farm tests is presented in Table 10. Two- and multi-year averages are indicated for individual varieties. Data averaged over years are generally more reliable for predicting variety performance for yield and other characteristics. Information on disease reactions of individual varieties is presented in Table 11.

Table 1. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Sharkey clay soil near Tunica in Tunica County, Mississippi, 1998.1
Variety or line Grain
yield2		 Milled
head
rice		 Milling yield
Bushel
weight
Total Whole

(bu/A) (lb/A) -------(%)------- (lb)

Cocodrie 180 5021 69.5 61.9 41.3
Priscilla 164 4173 66.2 56.6 39.4
Lemont 161 4222 69.5 58.2 41.3
Jackson 160 3649 67.3 50.6 40.6
Cypress 158 4168 66.3 58.8 40.2
Drew 155 4127 67.2 59.0 38.6
Kaybonnet 153 4055 66.9 58.9 38.8
Madison 151 4057 67.8 59.8 39.6
9704083 148 3964 67.7 59.6 41.4
Litton 143 3124 64.1 48.6 37.9
Jefferson 137 3439 69.3 55.3 39.6
Rexmont 137 3077 62.1 50.0 37.0

Table 1. Continued

Table 1. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Sharkey clay soil near Tunica in Tunica County, Mississippi, 1998.1
Variety or line Plant
height		 50%
Heading		 Maturity Lodging 1000
seed
weight3
Sheath
blight 4

(in) (days after emergence) % (gm) score

Cocodrie 40 72 123 1 25.3 0.3
Priscilla 40 76 117 0 29.7 2.5
Lemont 39 82 117 0 27.0 3.0
Jackson 40 73 113 1 25.0 1.0
Cypress 39 81 125 2 24.9 1.0
Drew 42 82 124 40 21.4 2.0
Kaybonnet 40 79 115 28 21.9 1.0
Madison 36 83 116 0 24.6 2.5
9704083 45 78 120 6 22.7 0.3
Litton 40 80 125 0 24.5 0.5
Jefferson 33 67 104 0 31.8 2.3
Rexmont 35 82 117 15 22.1 1.3
1Planting date: May 12; Emerged: May 24. Herbicides: Facet® at 0.67 lb/acre plus Stam® at 4 qt/acre on May 30. Fertilizer: Urea at 65 lb/acre on May 11; 200 lb/acre on June 9; 125 lb/acre on July 10; and 100 lb/acre on July 17. Date(s) flushed: May 12. Permanent flood: June 9. Insecticide: Methyl parathion at 0.5 pt/acre on July 20. Drained field: September 1.
2Rough rice at 12% moisture. A difference of 16 bu/acre is required for one variety to differ from another at the 5% probability level. C.V. = 7.1.
3Weight of 1000 kernels.
4Sheath blight rating using a scale of 1 (least susceptible) to 9 (most susceptible).



Table 2. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Sharkey clay soil near Lambert in Quitman County, Mississippi, 1998. 1
Variety or line Grain
yield2		 Milled
head
rice		 Milling yield
Bushel
weight
Total Whole

(bu/A) (lb/A) -------(%)------- (lb)

Cocodrie 166 4186 67.5 56.0 39.5
Priscilla 155 3615 64.4 51.8 39.2
Kaybonnet 154 4141 67.6 59.5 40.3
Litton 153 3372 67.0 49.1 37.6
Jefferson 150 3401 67.2 50.2 39.4
Lemont 149 2746 67.4 40.9 40.5
Rexmont 142 3178 63.9 49.8 37.1
9704083 141 3523 68.4 56.0 42.0
Madison 141 3710 67.1 58.4 39.1
Jackson 141 3118 65.5 49.3 38.8
Cypress 137 3607 68.7 58.6 39.8
Drew 127 3317 68.8 58.0 41.8

Table 2. Continued

Table 2. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Sharkey clay soil near Lambert in Quitman County, Mississippi, 1998. 1
Variety or line Plant
height		 50%
Heading		 Maturity Lodging 1000
seed
weight3
Sheath
blight 4

(in) (days after emergence) % (gm) score

Cocodrie 45 84 130 0 23.0 5.5
Priscilla 42 90 132 22 25.8 4.0
Kaybonnet 51 84 121 2 20.1 6.0
Litton 42 89 135 26 25.9 4.5
Jefferson 41 77 117 0 27.1 5.0
Lemont 42 91 129 6 24.9 7.0
Rexmont 40 86 124 21 21.8 6.0
9704083 52 86 128 38 20.2 3.5
Madison 40 93 128 0 23.9 4.0
Jackson 50 85 129 38 22.9 6.0
Cypress 42 89 132 32 23.5 7.0
Drew 52 90 134 78 20.8 5.5
1Planting date: April 16; Emerged: May 8. Herbicides: Facet® at 0.5 lb/acre on April 26; Stam® at 3 qt/acre plus Grandstand® at 0.25 pt/acre plus Facet® at 0.25 lb/acre on May 27. Fertilizer: Ammonium sulfate at 100 lb/acre on May 9; urea at 250 lb/acre on June 4, 100 lb/acre on June 12 and June 22. Date(s) flushed: May 14. Permanent flood: June 4. Drained field: September 1.
2Rough rice at 12% moisture. A difference of 21 bu/acre is required for one variety to differ from another at the 5% probability level. C.V. = 10.2.
3Weight of 1000 kernels.
4Sheath blight rating using a scale of 1 (least susceptible) to 9 (most susceptible).



Table 3. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Dundee silt loam soil near Blaine in Sunflower County, Mississippi, 1998. 1
Variety or line Grain
yield2		 Milled
head
rice		 Milling yield
Bushel
weight
Total Whole

(bu/A) (lb/A) -------(%)------- (lb)

Cocodrie 143 2880 66.0 44.6 37.4
Priscilla 139 2910 65.8 46.8 37.9
Madison 137 2968 66.5 48.0 34.6
Cypress 135 2848 65.2 46.9 35.7
Drew 134 2391 64.9 39.6 36.9
Rexmont 132 1926 62.6 31.6 34.1
Lemont 131 2580 68.3 43.8 37.5
Jefferson 115 2591 65.8 49.7 37.7
9704083 115 2664 67.1 51.6 36.9
Kaybonnet 114 2386 64.0 46.4 36.2
Litton 109 1727 64.5 35.2 33.3
Jackson 105 2009 66.3 42.4 34.4

Table 3. Continued

Table 3. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Dundee silt loam soil near Blaine in Sunflower County, Mississippi, 1998. 1
Variety or line Plant
height		 50%
Heading		 Maturity Lodging 1000
seed
weight3
Sheath
blight 4

(in) (days after emergence) % (gm) score

Cocodrie 44 70 116 61 23.2 4.0
Priscilla 43 72 114 4 28.7 4.0
Madison 39 80 115 2 23.5 3.5
Cypress 44 76 118 74 22.5 3.0
Drew 51 75 116 96 23.8 2.5
Rexmont 40 76 115 76 22.9 3.0
Lemont 42 80 114 18 22.7 4.5
Jefferson 41 64 98 23 25.9 3.0
9704083 53 73 112 60 20.6 1.0
Kaybonnet 52 74 110 50 20.6 3.5
Litton 42 81 120 73 23.7 3.5
Jackson 49 71 110 55 22.7 2.0
1Planting date: April 24; Emerged: May 6. Herbicides: Storm® at 1.5 pt/acre plus Basagran® at 1 pt/acre plus crop oil concentrate at 1 pt/acre on May 14. Fertilizer: Urea at 50 lb/acre on May 5; ammonium sulfate at 100 lb/acre on May 14; urea at 100 lb/acre on May 14, 112 lb/acre on June 25, and 100 lb/acre on July 6. Date(s) flushed: May 5. Permanent flood: May 15. Insecticide: Furadan® at 17 lb/acre on June 6. Drained field: August 13.
2Rough rice at 12% moisture. A difference of 22 bu/acre is required for one variety to differ from another at the 5% probability level. C.V. = 12.5.
3Weight of 1000 kernels.
4Sheath blight rating using a scale of 1 (least susceptible) to 9 (most susceptible).



Table 4. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Dowling clay soil near Cleveland, in Bolivar County, Mississippi, 1998.1
Variety or line Grain
yield2		 Milled
head
rice		 Milling yield
Bushel
weight
Total Whole

(bu/A) (lb/A) -------(%)------- (lb)

Cocodrie 193 4835 69.4 55.7 40.9
Priscilla 192 4185 68.0 48.3 40.2
Kaybonnet 189 4947 69.0 58.1 41.2
Drew 176 4182 69.8 52.6 38.4
Cypress 166 4226 68.7 56.4 37.8
Jefferson 157 4166 68.5 58.8 41.0
Lemont 156 3662 70.8 52.2 39.5
Madison 152 3849 69.1 56.4 36.1
9704083 149 3882 68.6 58.1 36.2
Litton 144 2889 67.1 44.4 36.7
Rexmont 139 3196 68.5 51.0 34.5
Jackson 134 2226 65.5 36.9 38.7

Table 4. Continued

Table 4. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Dowling clay soil near Cleveland, in Bolivar County, Mississippi, 1998.1
Variety or line Plant
height		 50%
Heading		 Maturity Lodging 1000
seed
weight3
Sheath
blight 4

(in) (days after emergence) % (gm) score

Cocodrie 45 73 121 0 22.4 4.0
Priscilla 44 74 121 0 25.3 3.0
Kaybonnet 49 75 114 0 19.6 2.5
Drew 50 78 121 0 21.3 2.5
Cypress 42 74 119 0 22.5 3.0
Jefferson 40 64 104 0 27.8 2.0
Lemont 39 79 118 0 24.9 5.0
Madison 39 83 118 0 23.7 4.0
9704083 48 74 113 0 20.6 3.3
Litton 42 79 124 0 22.5 2.5
Rexmont 37 77 117 1 22.6 4.5
Jackson 46 72 120 0 23.4 5.0
1Planting date: April 6; Emerged: May 7. Herbicides: Stam® at 2 qt/acre plus Prowl® at 2.4 pt/acre plus Facet® at 0.35 lb/acre plus SoySurf at 1 pt/acre on May 5; 2,4-D at 3 pt/acre on July 23. Fertilizer: Ammonium sulfate at 90 lb/acre on April 25; urea at 200 lb/acre on May 13, 100 lb/acre on June 9, 100 lb/A on June 23, and 100 lb/A on June 29. Permanent flood: May 13. Fungicide: Quadris® at 1 gallon to 12 acres on July 7. Drained field: August 12.
2Rough rice at 12% moisture. A difference of 25 bu/acre is required for one variety to differ from another at the 5% probability level. C.V. = 11.1.
3Weight of 1000 kernels.
4Sheath blight rating using a scale of 1 (least susceptible) to 9 (most susceptible).



Table 5. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Sharkey clay soil at the Delta Research and Extension Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, as part of the on-farm tests,1998. 1
Variety or line Grain
yield2		 Milled
head
rice		 Milling yield
Bushel
weight
Total Whole

(bu/A) (lb/A) -------(%)------- (lb)

Priscilla 163 4100 68.0 55.7 40.5
Lemont 159 3972 68.0 55.5 40.1
Litton 156 3490 67.1 49.9 37.8
Cocodrie 154 4063 67.2 58.6 37.1
Drew 151 4127 68.0 61.1 41.8
9704083 147 3970 66.7 59.9 40.0
Jefferson 146 3247 67.0 49.3 38.1
Kaybonnet 145 3893 67.4 59.8 41.0
Jackson 136 3216 66.7 52.8 38.9
Cypress 130 3598 67.8 61.6 41.4
Rexmont 129 3179 66.5 54.6 37.6
Madison 124 3220 67.7 57.9 40.6

Table 5. Continued

Table 5. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Sharkey clay soil at the Delta Research and Extension Center, Stoneville, Mississippi, as part of the on-farm tests,1998. 1
Variety or line Plant
height		 50%
Heading		 Maturity Lodging 1000
seed
weight3
 

(in) (days after emergence) % (gm)

Priscilla 43 83 129 0 25.7
Lemont 40 88 126 0 25.3
Litton 41 84 126 0 26.2
Cocodrie 42 79 126 0 23.7
Drew 51 88 129 0 23.0
9704083 50 85 124 0 22.1
Jefferson 41 78 123 0 28.6
Kaybonnet 50 82 122 0 20.3
Jackson 48 83 124 0 22.8
Cypress 41 86 129 0 24.3
Rexmont 38 84 126 0 26.0
Madison 37 89 124 0 24.2
1Planting date: May 19; Emerged: May 27. Herbicides: Stam® at 4 qt/acre plus Facet® at 0.67 lb/acre on June 9. Fertilizer: Urea at 289 lb/acre on June 24 and 111 lb/acre on July 20. Date(s) flushed: May 21 and 28, June 15 and 19. Permanent flood: June 25. Drained field: September 21.
2Rough rice at 12% moisture. A difference of 19 bu/acre is required for one variety to differ from another at the 5% probability level. C.V. = 8.8.
3Weight of 1000 kernels.



Table 6. Performance of long grain rice varieties and lines grown on Sharkey clay soil near Hollandale in Washington County, Mississippi, 1998. 1
Variety or line Grain
yield2		 Milled
head
rice		 Milling yield
Bushel
weight
Total Whole

(bu/A) (lb/A) -------(%)------- (lb)

Drew 164 3808 69.4 51.6 42.2
Litton 160 3107 70.6 43.2 39.9
Rexmont 159 3936 69.1 54.9 39.9
Cocodrie 158 4294 69.8 60.4 41.6
Lemont 152 3535 69.8 51.8 42.0
Jackson 152