Dwight
G. Kanter, Agronomist Theodore
C. Miller, Agronomist
This
research was partially funded by Mississippi Rice Promotion
Board funds. The
following County Agents of the Mississippi Cooperative
Extension Service participated in site selection of some of
the on-farm tests: Dwayne Wheeler, Don Respess, and Tommy
Baird. Special
thanks are given to the cooperating producers who
voluntarily provided the land area for conducting these
tests and for the production inputs during the crop season.
These tests are an inconvenience for some field operations
and their patience is sincerely appreciated. The
assistance of George Baird, III, Research Assistant and L.S.
Lanford and Shari Murphee, Agricultural Technicians, MAFES,
Delta Research and Extension Center, in conducting this
research is appreciated. Connie Rowinski, Research Assistant
I, in Plant Pathology collected the disease data.
This
Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station
information bulletin is a summary of research conducted
under project number MIS-1620 at the Delta Branch Experiment
Station in Stoneville, Mississippi, and several other
locations shown on the map. It is intended for the use of
colleagues, cooperators, and sponsors. The interpretation of
data presented herein may change after additional
experimentation. Information included is not to be construed
as a recommendation for use or as an endorsement of a
specific product by Mississippi State University or the
Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station.
This
report contains data generated as part of the Mississippi
Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station research
program. Joint sponsorship by the Mississippi Rice Promotion
Board is gratefully acknowledged. Trade
names of commercial products used in this report are
included only for clarity and understanding. All available
names (i.e. trade names, chemical names, experimental
product code names or numbers, etc.) of products used in
this research project are listed in the tables and footnotes
contained in this report.
Published
by the Office of Agricultural Communications; Division of
Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Medicine; Mississippi
State University; Robert Hearn, publications editor, and
Patsy Sykes, electronic publishing assistant.
In
1997, approximately 238,237 acres of rice were planted in 17
Delta counties of Mississippi compared to 204,586 acres
planted in 1996. Bolivar County had the highest planted
acreage at 75,000 acres. Essentially all the production in
Mississippi was from long grain rice. Lemont continued to be
the predominant variety planted on about 66% of the acreage.
Estimated acreages planted to other varieties were as
follows: Cypress -- 21%, Kaybonnet -- 4%, Jackson -- 3%,
Litton -- 3%, and 3% for other varieties. The
on-farm variety tests represent the final step in the yield
evaluation program before a variety is released for
commercial production in Mississippi. Conducting these tests
on commercial farms across the Delta provides important
information on variety performance and adaptability under
diverse environmental conditions. These test locations give
a partial sampling of actual "real world" production
situations in the Delta where practically all Mississippi
rice is produced. These multiple locations also permit
evaluation of entries for resistance to pests and/or other
field related stresses, which often have a greater natural
incidence at locations other than at the Delta Research and
Extension Center (DREC). Significant sheath blight and a
trace of kernel smut occurred at some locations in 1997.
Planting
dates for the different locations ranged from April 4 to May
13 which are within the typical period for rice planting in
the Delta. Five tests were planted into conventionally
prepared seedbeds and two were planted into minimum tilled
seedbeds. Early season rainy weather and cool temperatures
delayed emergence, resulting in uneven rice stands in most
tests. Moderate to severe sheath blight infection developed
on susceptible entries in the Cleveland and Lambert tests.
There was no observed incidence of blast in any of the test
locations although some straighthead was observed at the
Lambert and Drew locations. Weather conditions during the
reproductive growth phase were not conducive to either high
grain yields or excellent millling quality. Therefore,
yields and milling quality at all locations were generally
not as good as those experienced in 1996. Variety
selection is one of the most important decisions a rice
producer makes as he prepares his production plans each
season. The information in this bulletin is intended to
assist the producer in this decision making process. Other
sources of information may include past production
experience with that variety and consulting with local and
state rice extension personnel. Data summarized over
locations and years are generally a more reliable indication
of future variety performance than individual tests.
Eleven
long grain varieties and lines were included in the
replicated test at each location. Priscilla, (formerly RU
9404036) was the only newly released variety in 197. It was
released by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry
Experiment Station and is a high yielding long grain variety
with excellent agronomic, processing, and disease
characteristics. Priscilla has been included in the on-farm
tests for the past four years. Its average rough rice and
whole grain milling yields have led the tests during that
time showing that it can perform under a wide range of soil
and environmental conditions.
Each
test consisted of four replications planted at the seven
locations. All 7-row plots were drillseeded at an equivalent
seeding rate of 90 lb/A at a depth of approximately one
inch. Cultural practices were performed by the cooperator
and varied by location. In general, the tests were grown
under conditions of high productivity. The field management
practices for each location are recorded in footnotes of
Tables 1 through 7. Agronomic
data were collected at appropriate times during the season.
Plots were hand-harvested and standard procedures were used
in processing the samples for grain and milling yield
determinations. Readers may refer to a variety bulletin of a
previous year for further details on experimental
procedures. Statistical
analyses were performed on the yield data from each
location. The least significant difference (LSD) for yield
at the 5% probability level has been included in the tables
to aid in comparing varieties. If the yields of any two
varieties or lines differ by the LSD value or more, they may
be considered significantly different. The coefficient of
variation (CV) provides a general indication of the level of
precision of each variety test. Lower CV values indicate
greater reliability of the test. LSD and CV values are
reported in the footnotes of the first nine tables.
The
field performance of each variety in the seven individual
tests is present in Tables 1 through 7. Average test yields
ranged from 128 bu/A at Drew to 165 bu/A at Tunica. Grain
yields of varieties in these tests averaged about 5% lower
in 1997 than in 1996 reflecting in part the nature of the
weather condicitions during the critical grain development
stages. There were some initial stand problems and irregular
emergence within plots at all but the Stoneville location.
However, the rice at all locations emerged and developed
into satisfactory stands. The field test locations at
Tunica, Drew, and Hollandale had been precision leveled the
previous year. Straighthead intensity varied from light to
moderate at the Drew location depending on variety or line
susceptibility. A small amount of straighthead was also
observed again this year at the Lambert location. Fields at
both locations are silt loam soils and had been recently
landformed, the one at Drew last year and the one at Lambert
two years ago. Generally, yields, milling quality, and test
variability (CV) were worse this year than last year across
all on-farm tests, probably due to more adverse weather
conditions. Sheath blight ratings are listed in the location
and summary tables. Table
8
provides a seven location summary of grain yields for all
varieties and lines tested. Average yield of Priscilla
across all seven on-farm locations was 172 bu/A compared to
number two ranked LaGrue, which averaged 164 bu/A
(Table
9).
It can be seen from the LSD value for the average column
that it significantly outyielded all varieties and lines
except LaGrue in the 1997 On-Farm Rice Variety Tests.
Table
10
shows Priscilla's milling quality to be close to that of
Lemont and that it also has a very heavy grain weight (27.9
gm/1000 seed). It possesses sheath blight tolerance as
indicated in the tables and specifically in Table
4
where sheath blight was shown to be heavier at Cleveland.
Another variety that continues to have an excellent
performance record is Lemont. Although Lemont has some
shortcomings, it continues to be the variety of choice in
Mississippi because of its consistnet and dependable
productivity. The
average values for milling and agronomic characteristics are
summarized in Table
9.
Head rice yields in pounds per acre are reported to give the
reader a knowledge of a variety's overall performance in
terms of whole grain milled rice produced per acre. It can
be seen, for example, that Priscilla produced significantly
more head rice yield per acre than all other varieties in
the 1997 on farm variety test, topping LaGrue by 448
lb/acre. Both total and whole grain milling yields were
lower in 1997 than in 1996. Kaybonnet and Drew averaged the
highest whole grain milling yields (60.9 and 59.2,
respectively). Lodging
resistance should be seriously considered when selecting a
variety to grow. This is especially important when it occurs
early before fields have been drained or when rainy weather
persists before harvest. Lodging was more severe in 1997
than it was in 1996. Lodging was worst at the Hollandale
location although a fair amount occurred at Drew, Cleveland,
and Rolling Fork. RU9604077 lodged slightly at only one
location (Hollandale - 1%). The varieties that lodged the
most in the 1997 On-farm Rice Variety Test was LaGrue (40%),
Drew (38%), Cypress (27%), and Jackson
(26%)(Table
9).
The
long-term performance of 11 varieties and lines in on-farm
tests is presented in Table
10.
Three- and multi-year averages are indicated for individual
varieties. Data averaged over three or more years are
generally more reliable for predicting variety performance
for yield and other characteristics. Information on disease
reactions of individual varieties is presented in
Table
11.
Table
1. Performance of long grain rice varieties and
lines Variety Grain Milled
head Milling
yield Bushel Plant 50% Maturity Lodging 1000
seed Total Whole bu/A lb/A -------%------- lb in Days
after emergence % gm LaGrue 206 5161 67.7 55.8 41.4 46 89 142 0 25.9 Lemont 180 5007 71.8 61.8 41.0 35 96 137 0 27.0 Priscilla 180 4921 68.6 60.7 39.0 36 89 134 0 27.1 Drew 176 4752 68.8 60.1 41.0 46 89 137 0 24.7 Kaybonnet 169 4674 68.5 61.6 39.2 44 90 134 0 21.0 Litton 168 4360 68.7 57.8 39.0 36 99 140 0 24.7 Jackson 159 3967 67.5 55.5 39.1 39 87 133 0 22.0 RU
9604077 158 4316 69.5 60.8 41.5 33 91 135 0 23.4 Cypress 154 4272 68.4 61.6 39.6 37 91 139 0 24.0 RU
9704015 140 3585 64.6 57.0 39.8 41 89 130 0 22.1 Jefferson * * 67.3 60.5 36.6 35 79 119 0 28.7 1Planting
date: April 4; Emerged: May 6.
Herbicides:Glyphosate (Roundup Ultra®)
at 0.75 lb/A plus 2,4-D (Weedar 64®) at 0.33
lb/A on March 10 and propanil (Stam®) at 3 lb/A
plus quinclorac (Facet®) at 0.5 lb/A on May 18.
Fertilizer: Nitrogen (ammonium sulfate) at
84 lb/A on May 19; (urea) at 23 lb/A on June 20,
and 46 lb/A on June 30 and July 9. Permanent
flood: May 19. Insecticide: Methyl
parathion at 0.25 lb/A on August 8. Drained
field: August 25. Table
2. Performance of long grain rice varieties and
lines grown on a Forestdale silty clay loam soil
near Lambert, Quitman County, Mississippi,
1997.1 Variety Grain Milled
head Milling
yield Bushel Plant 50% Maturity Lodging 1000
seed Sheath Total Whole bu/A lb/A -------%------- lb in Days
after emergence % gm score Drew 167 4597 71.0 61.3 42.9 44 84 129 1 22.8 4.5 Priscilla 165 3679 69.1 49.3 41.1 36 80 126 1 28.4 3.6 LaGrue 156 3533 67.8 50.0 41.2 41 79 130 8 25.7 4.3 Kaybonnet 148 3989 68.7 59.9 41.1 42 82 124 3 21.2 6.1 Litton 147 3569 68.8 54.1 38.2 37 86 133 0 26.9 4.5 Lemont 146 4015 71.7 61.0 42.2 33 85 126 0 27.5 3.6 Jackson 138 3102 68.7 49.8 39.4 40 78 123 9 24.2 4.4 RU
9704015 137 3444 65.9 55.0 41.8 40 79 116 3 20.6 4.3 RU
9604077 130 3585 68.1 61.2 40.3 31 83 123 0 23.5 3.6 Cypress 126 3292 69.0 58.0 40.1 36 86 131 3 23.7 4.7 Jefferson 114 2836 70.1 55.3 40.0 36 74 109 0 28.3 4.5 1Planting
date: April 14; Emerged: May 4;
Herbicides: Quinclorac (Facet®) at 0.50
lb/A on April 18. Fertilizer: Nitrogen
(ammonium sulfate) at 21 lb/A on May 9; (41-0-0-4)
at 82 lb/A on May 23 and (urea) at 35 lb/A on June
12, 45 lb on June 30 and July 11. Permanent
flood: May 27. Drained field: August
18. Table
3. Performance of long grain rice varieties and
lines grown on a Dundee silt loam soil near Drew,
Tallahatchie County, Mississippi,
1997.1 Variety Grain Milled
head Milling
yield Bushel Plant 50% Maturity Lodging 1000
seed Total Whole bu/A lb/A -------%------- lb in Days
after emergence % gm Lemont 155 4063 70.9 58.4 40.2 37 91 131 0 24.0 Priscilla 150 3845 68.6 56.9 39.9 38 89 130 8 25.5 Jefferson 135 3754 71.1 61.8 39.6 38 81 119 0 27.9 Drew 127 3238 66.3 56.3 38.8 47 94 132 29 21.0 Kaybonnet 126 3445 68.6 60.7 40.6 46 87 128 23 19.0 Jackson 123 2852 66.4 51.3 36.9 44 88 127 54 20.5 LaGrue 121 2628 63.7 47.8 35.9 46 94 131 71 23.6 RU
960477 119 2824 68.7 52.6 39.9 32 95 130 0 21.1 Cypress 118 2958 66.3 55.9 36.6 38 88 133 39 21.4 Litton 116 2676 66.7 51.4 36.4 35 90 132 0 22.2 RU
9704015 113 3415 62.0 53.2 37.9 47 87 125 49 18.5 1Planting
date: April 10; Emerged: May 4;
Herbicides: Propanil (Stam® at 3 lb/A
plus pendimethalin (Prowl®) at 0.75 lb/A on
April 30. Fertilizer: Nitrogen (ammonium
sulfate) at 42 lb/A on April 30 and (urea) at 90
lb/A on May 24 and 46 lb on July 11 and 21.
Permanent flood: May 24. Insecticide:
Methyl parathion at 0.25 lb/A on Spetember 2.
Fungicide: Azoxystrobin (Quadris®) at
0.2 lb/A on July 12. Drained field: August
25. Table
4. Performance of long grain rice varieties and
lines grown on a Sharkey clay soil near Cleveland,
Bolivar County, Mississippi,
1997.1 Variety Grain Milled
head Milling
yield Bushel Plant 50% Maturity Lodging 1000
seed Sheath Total Whole bu/A lb/A -------%------- lb in Days
after emergence % gm score Priscilla 170 4403 70.3 57.7 40.4 38 79 117 5 26.7 3.9 LaGrue 159 3720 66.6 51.8 40.5 43 79 124 71 24.3 5.6 RU
9604077 149 4018 68.9 59.8 38.1 32 85 121 0 22.4 6.5 Kaybonnet 147 4061 69.0 61.6 40.2 44 89 120 10 19.4 4.4 Jefferson 142 3061 68.8 48.0 38.0 38 70 107 7 26.4 5.5 RU
9704015 135 3170 66.6 52.2 39.4 44 83 117 12 19.3 4.4 Jackson 134 2586 65.1 42.8 36.0 41 77 117 10 22.0 4.5 Lemont 133 3398 71.1 56.7 40.1 35 88 123 4 25.5 5.6 Drew 127 3347 66.4 58.5 38.5 46 86 128 85 20.6 5.8 Litton 126 2669 67.0 47.3 35.7 39 90 132 19 23.7 4.4 Cypress 109 2813 67.8 57.3 38.3 38 88 133 20 22.2 4.0 1Planting
date: April 15; Emerged:May 4.
Herbicides: Propanil (Stam®) at 2 lb/A
plus quinclorac (Facet®) at 0.35 lb/A plus
pendimethalin (Prowl® at 1 lb/A on May 12; 2,
4-D (Weedar 64®) at 1.25 lb/A on June 25.
Fertilizer: Nitrogen (ammonium sulfate) at
17 lb/A on May 5; (urea) at 90 lb/A on May 12, 23
lb/A on June 12, 46 lb/A on June 25 and July 1.
Permanent flood: May 14. Drained
field: August 13. Table
5. Performance of long grain rice varieties and
lines grown on a Sharkey clay soil at the Delta
Research and Extension Center, Stoneville,
Mississippi, as part of the on-farm tests,
1997.1 Variety Grain Milled
head Milling
yield Bushel Plant 50% Maturity Lodging 1000
seed Sheath Total Whole bu/A lb/A -------%------- lb in Days
after emergence % gm score Priscilla 190

1997 Rice
Variety Performance Trials
MAFES, Delta Research and Extension Center
Stoneville, Mississippi
Tri-M Agronomics, LLC
Leland, Mississippi
Acknowledgements
Notice to
User
Contents
Test
Procedures
Results
grown on a Sharkey clay soil near Tunica, Tunica
County, Mississippi, 1997.1
or line
yield2
rice
weight
height
Heading
weight3
2Rough rice at 12% moisture. A
difference of 23 bu/A is required for one variety
to differ from another at the 5% probability
level.
3Weight of 1000 kernels.
* Severe bird damage
or line
yield2
rice
weight
height
Heading
weight3
blight4
2Rough rice at 12% moisture. A
difference of 29 bu/A is required for one variety
to differ from another at the 5% probability level.
C.V. = 14.9.
3Weight of 1000 kernels.
4Sheath blight rating using a 1 (least
susceptible) to 9 (most susceptible) scale. Data
collected by rice pathology personnel.
or line
yield2
rice
weight
height
Heading
weight3
2Rough rice at 12% moisture. A
difference of 23 bu/A is required for one variety
to differ from another at the 5% probability level.
C.V. = 12.5.
3Weight of 1000 kernels.
or line
yield2
rice
weight
height
Heading
weight3
blight4
2Rough rice at 12% moisture. A
difference of 18 bu/A is required for one variety
to differ from another at the 5% probability level.
C.V. = 8.9.
3Weight of 1000 kernels.
4Sheath blight rating using a 1 (least
susceptible) to 9 (most susceptible) scale. Data
collected by rice pathology personnel.
or line
yield2
rice
weight
height
Heading
weight3
blight4