Nematode Management Investigations in Mississippi, 1998

Gary W. Lawrence
Associate Professor of Nematology
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology
Mississippi State University

Kathy S. McLean
Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology
Department of Plant Pathology
Auburn University

Asdrubal J. Diaz
Graduate Research Assistant
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology
Mississippi State University

Appreciation is expressed to Andrew Diaz for assistance in conducting these experiments and to Amy Ladd and Sherry Parker for preparing the manuscript. For more information, contact Gary Lawrence at (662) 325-2988; email, glawrence@entomology.msstate.edu. Bulletin 1091 was published by the Office of Agricultural Communications, a unit of the Division of Agriculture, Forestry, and Veterinary Medicine at Mississippi State University. It was edited and designed by Robert Hearn, publications editor.

Contents

Introduction

Cotton Nematode Management

Reniform Nematode Management with Telone II

Management of the Reniform Nematode with Temik 15G

Effect of Di-Tera for the Management of the Reniform Nematode

Effect of ACT on Cotton Yield in a Reniform Nematode-Infested Field

Effect of Di-Tera G and Di-Tera ES on the Management of the Reniform Nematode

Root-Knot Nematode Management with Vydate C-LV Applied as a Foliar Spray

Foliar-Applied Vydate C-LV in Combination with Gaucho Seed Treatment for Root-Knot Nematode Management

Root-Knot Nematode Management with Temik 15 G in Non-Delta Cotton Production

Appendix

Program Support

Introduction

This summary of 1998 nematode management trials on cotton was prepared for industry cooperators, colleagues at other universities, and other interested persons. The information presented is not an endorsement or recommendation. It is intended for private use, and it may not be reproduced without permission.

All locations on producer-cooperator plantations received adequate moisture supplied by standard irrigation practices.

Trade names are used throughout this report for clarity, except where they are unavailable. A list of all chemicals used in this research -- including trade, common, and chemical names when available -- and company sources are included in the Appendix. Nematicides are expressed as formulated rate per acre as suggested by the manufacturers.

Data presented in this report were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C.). Data were subjected to ANOVA appropriate for the experimental design used, and means were separated using the least significant difference test. All statistical tests were performed at the 5% level of significance.

Application Methods. Temik 15G was applied at planting in the seed furrow with a Case 900 Early Riser planter equipped with a granular chemical applicator.

Telone II was applied with a modified ripper-hipper. A CO₂-charged system was used to propel the fumigant through flow regulators mounted on stainless steel delivery tubes attached to the trailing edge of forward-swept chisels. Rows were immediately hipped with disk-hillers to seal and prevent rapid loss of the fumigant.

Nematode Counts. Population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were determined at planting and at monthly intervals for the entire growing season. Ten soil cores, 1 inch in diameter and 8 inches deep, were collected from the two center rows of each plot in a systematic randomized sampling pattern. Cores from each plot were thoroughly mixed, and a 250-cubic-centimeter subsample was collected. Nematodes were extracted using a combination of gravity sieving and centrifugal flotation (sucrose sp. gr. 1.13).

Cotton Nematode Management

Reniform Nematode Management with Telone II

Objective: Telone II was examined in Glen Allan, Mississippi, for the management of the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) in an established cotton production system. Telone II was applied with a modified John Deere ripper-hipper. A CO₂-charged system was used to propel the fumigant through flow regulators mounted on stainless steel delivery tubes attached to the trailing edge of foward-swept chisels. The fumigant was injected 21 days before planting, 14 days before planting, and at planting 12 inches deep with one chisel per row. Rows were immediately hipped with disk-hillers to seal and prevent rapid loss of the fumigant. All remaining rows were subsoiled 12 inches deep and hipped without applying the fumigant. Temik 15G at 3.5 pounds of formulated product per acre was included as an insecticide treatment in all Telone II treatments.

A control that did not receive an insecticide or nematicide also was included. All plots were treated with Orthene 75S at 4 ounces of formulated product per acre when thrips were detected in the untreated control.

Cultivar: DPL - 50B.

Experimental design: Randomized complete block with five replications.

Plot design: Two-row plots; rows 40 feet long, 40 inches wide; blocks separated by a 20-foot alley.

Application date:

Planting date: May 8, 1998.

Seed rate: 210 seeds per row.

Nematode sample dates: April 16, May 8, June 11, July 9, Aug. 11, and Oct. 9, 1998.

Stand counts: Measured June 11, 1998.

Plant heights: Measured July 22, 1998.

Harvest date: Oct. 9, 1998.

Results: See Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6.

Management of the Reniform Nematode with Temik 15G

Objective: Temik 15G was examined in Glen Allan, Mississippi, for the management of the reniform nematode. Temik 15G was applied at planting in the seed furrow at formulated rates of 3.5, 5.0, and 7.0 pounds per acre. All treatments were applied with a Case 900 Early Riser planter equipped with granular chemical applicators. The insecticide Gaucho was included to serve as an insecticide-treated control. A control that did not receive an insecticide or nematicide also was included. All plots were treated with Orthene 75S at 4 ounces of formulated product per acre when thrips were detected in the untreated control.

Cultivar: DPL-50B.

Experimental design: Randomized complete block with five replications.

Plot design: Two-row plots; rows 40 feet long, 40 inches wide; blocks separated by a 20-foot alley.

Application date:

Planting date: May 8, 1998.

Seed rate: 210 seeds per row.

Nematode sample dates: May 8, June 11, July 9, Aug. 11, Sept. 4, and Oct. 9, 1998.

Stand counts: Measured June 11, 1998.

Plant heights: Measured July 22, 1998.

Harvest date: Oct. 9, 1998.

Results: See Table 7, Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, Table 11, and Table 12.

Effect of Di-Tera for the Management of the Reniform Nematode

Objective: Di-Tera G was examined at Mississippi State University for the management of the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) in field microplots. Microplots are fiberglass cylinders (24 inches in diameter, 24 inches high) inserted 16 inches deep into the soil at the North Plant Science Research Farm. Each microplot was previously infested with the reniform nematode and planted with cotton. Each plot was planted with 12 cotton seeds in a linear fashion on raised seed beds. Microplots were spaced 7 feet apart to avoid plot-to-plot contamination due to splashing rain. The area between microplots remained free of vegetation to avoid nematode buildup on weed species.

Cultivar: Deltapine 20.

Experimental design: Randomized complete block with four replications.

Plot design: Single-row microplots; rows 2 feet long.

Application date: May 13, 1998.

Planting date: May 13, 1998.

Seed rate: 12 seeds per row.

Nematode sample dates: May 13, June 26, and Aug. 19, 1998.

Harvest date: Nov. 16, 1998.

Results: See Table 13 and Table 14.

Effect of ACT on Cotton Yield in a Reniform Nematode-Infested Field

Objective: ACT was examined in Glen Allan, Mississippi, for its effect on cotton growth and development in an established cotton production system in the presence of the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis). The ACT treatment was compared with a 5-pound-per-acre application of Temik 15G, which served as the standard nematicide treatment. Di-Syston 8EC was included to serve as an insecticide-treated control. A control that did not receive an insecticide or nematicide also was included. All plots were treated with Orthene 75S at 4 ounces of formulated product per acre when thrips were detected in the untreated control plots.

ACT was applied with a CO2-charged in-furrow plot spray system. A total volume of 10 gallons per acre was applied through a single 8003 flat fan nozzle positioned to direct the spray into the opened row at 30 psi.

Cultivar: DPL-50B.

Experimental design: Randomized complete block with five replications.

Plot design: Two-row plots; rows 40 feet long, 40 inches wide; blocks separated by a 20-foot alley.

Application date:

Planting date: May 8, 1998.

Seed rate: 210 seeds per row.

Nematode sample dates: May 8, June 11, July 9, Aug. 11, Sept. 12, and Oct. 9, 1998.

Stand counts: Measured June 11, 1998.

Plant height: Measured July 22, 1998.

Harvest date: Oct. 9, 1998.

Results: See Table 15, Table 16, and Table 17.

Effect of Di-Tera G and Di-Tera ES on the Management of the Reniform Nematode

Objective: Di-Tera was examined in Glen Allan, Mississippi, for the management of the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) in an established cotton production system. Di-Tera G was applied in the seed furrow at planting at the formulated rates of 4 and 25 pounds per acre with a Case 900 Early Riser planter equipped with granular chemical applicators. Di-Tera ES was applied at rates of 1.25 and 2.5 gallons per acre with a CO2-charged in-furrow plot spray system. A total volume of 10 gallons per acre was applied through a single 8003 flat fan nozzle positioned to direct the spray into the opened row at 30 psi.

The Di-Tera treatments were compared with a 5-pound-per-acre application of Temik 15G, which served as the standard nematicide treatment. The insecticide Di-Syston 8EC was included to serve as an insecticide-treated control. A control that did not receive an insecticide or nematicide was also included. All plots were treated with Orthene 75S at 4 ounces of formulated product per acre when thrips were detected in the untreated control plots.

Cultivar: DPL-50B.

Experimental design: Randomized complete block with five replications.

Plot design: Two-row plots; rows 40 feet long, 40 inches wide; blocks separated by a 20-foot alley.

Application date:

Planting date: May 8, 1998.

Seed rate: 210 seeds per row.

Nematode sample dates: May 8, June 11, July 9, Aug. 11, Sept. 4, and Oct. 9, 1998.

Stand counts: Measured June 11, 1998.

Plant heights: Measured July 22, 1998.

Harvest date: Oct. 9, 1998.

Results: See Table 18, Table 19, Table 20, Table 21, Table 22, and Table 23.

Root-Knot Nematode Management with Vydate C-LV Applied as a Foliar Spray

Objective: Vydate C-LV was examined in Belzoni, Mississippi, for the management of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in an established cotton production system. Each Vydate C-LV treatment received an in-furrow application of Temik 15G at 3.5 or 5.0 pounds of formulated material per acre at the time of planting. These treatments were compared with Temik 15G at 5.0 pounds per acre, which was applied in the seed furrow at planting. The seed treatment Gaucho was included to serve as the insecticide-treated control. Temik 15G was applied at planting with a Case 900 Early Riser planter equipped with granular chemical applicators. Vydate C-LV was applied as a foliar spray at various plant growth stages starting with the 3rd true leaf to 14 days after pin-head square. Vydate C-LV was applied with a CO2-charged backpack field plot spray system. A total volume of 10 gallons per acre was applied through two 8003 flat fan nozzles spaced over each row at 30 psi. All rows not treated with Vydate C-LV received a foliar spray consisting of 4 ounces per acre each of Orthene 75 S and Methyl Parathion.

Cultivar: Stoneville 474.

Experimental design: Randomized complete block with five replications.

Plot design: Two-row plots; rows 40 feet long, 40 inches wide; blocks separated by a 20-foot alley.

Application date:

Planting date: May 9, 1998.

Seed rate: 210 seeds per row.

Nematode sample dates: May 9, June 11, July 2, Aug. 13, and Sept. 28, 1998.

Stand counts: Measured June 11, 1998.

Plant heights: Measured July 9, 1998.

Harvest date: Sept. 28, 1998.

Results: See Table 24, Table 25, and Table 26.

Foliar-Applied Vydate C-LV in Combination with Gaucho Seed Treatment for Root-Knot Nematode Management

Objective: Vydate C-LV was examined in Belzoni, Mississippi, for the management of the root-knot nematode (Meliodogyne incognita) in an established cotton production system. Vydate C-LV was used in combination with the insecticide seed treatment Gaucho. Vydate C-LV was applied as a foliar spray at the 6th to 7th true leaf stage using a CO2-charged backpack field plot spray system. A total volume of 10 gallons per acre was applied through two 8003 flat fan nozzles spaced over each row at 30 psi. All rows not treated with Vydate C-LV received a foliar spray consisting of 4 ounces per acre each of Orthene 75S and methyl parathion.

Cultivar: Stoneville 474.

Experimental design: Randomized complete block with five replications.

Plot design: Two-row plots; rows 40 feet long, 40 inches wide; blocks separated by a 20-foot alley.

Application date:

Planting date: May 9, 1998.

Seed rate: 210 seeds per row.

Nematode sample dates: May 9, June 11, July 2, Aug. 13, and Sept. 28, 1998.

Stand counts: Measured June 11, 1998.

Plant heights: Measured July 9, 1998.

Harvest date: Sept. 28, 1998.

Results: See Table 27, Table 28, and Table 29.

Root-Knot Nematode Management with Temik 15G in Non-Delta Cotton Production

Objective: Temik 15G was examined in Hamilton, Mississippi, for the management of the root-knot nematode in an established non-Delta cotton production system. Temik 15G was applied at planting in the seed furrow at the formulated rates of 3.5, 5.0, and 7.0 pounds per acre. The insecticide Gaucho was included to examine its utility in a nematode-infected field and to serve as an insecticide-treated control. A control that did not receive an insecticide or nematicide was also included. All plots were treated with Orthene 75S at 4 ounces of formulated product per acre when thrips were detected in the untreated control.

Cultivar: Deltapine 20.

Experimental design: Randomized complete block with five replications.

Plot design: Four-row plots; rows 40 feet long, 38 inches wide; blocks separated by a 20-foot alley.

Application date: June 2, 1998.

Seed rate: 210 seeds per row.

Nematode sample date: N/A

Stand counts: N/A

Plant heights: N/A

Harvest date: Nov. 3, 1998.

Results: See Table 30.

Appendix

Program Support

CONTRIBUTORS

Frank Killebrew
Extension Plant Pathologist
Mississippi State University

J.D. Ferguson
Plant Science Research Center
Mississippi State University

Ken Middleton
Middleton Planting Co.
Glen Allan, MS

Dale Springfield
Caladonia, MS

G.M. Roberts
Plant Science Research Center
Mississippi State University

Scott Gaston
Silver Creek Planting Co.
Belzoni, MS

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

H. Marcus Adair
Abbott Laboratories
6750 Poplar Avenue
Memphis, TN 38138

Julie Taylor
Dow Elanco
220 W. Jefferson
Greenwood, MS 38930

Walt Mitchell
E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Company
Agricultural Products
107 Hidden Oaks Lane
Vicksburg, MS 39180

Randy Smith
Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company
P.O. Box 42 N
Carrollton, MS 38947